To accurately predict cutting forces in the micro-milling processes, a micro-milling force mechanism model was proposed that comprehensively considering the cutting edge radius, tool flank wear and tool runout. A precise analytical relationship between flank wear of micro-milling tools and the cutting edge radius was established and the trochoidal trajectory of the cutting edge was accurately analyzed under tool runout. An analytical model was constructed for instantaneous undeformed chip thickness and entry-exit angles, along with a tool-workpiece contact area and cutting force coefficient model that accounted for flank wear. Consequently, a generalized micro-milling force model was developed, incorporating critical factors such as cutting edge radius, flank wear and tool runout. The effectiveness of the proposed model was validated through micro-milling experiments and statistical analysis of cutting force results. When flank wear is considered, the average prediction errors of forces in three directions are reduced by 35%, 27% and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, the case studies were conducted to investigate the effects of flank wear on cutting force coefficients, mean force error and root mean square error, demonstrating the necessity of considering flank wear in micro-milling force modeling.
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