Automation equipment was typically a strongly coupled, nonlinear, and flexible complex mechanical system, which made it challenging to establish an accurate kinematics model. A kinematics modeling method was proposed that integrated geometric deviations and gravity deformations for a large gantry automatic fiber placement machine. A theoretical kinematics model was developed based on multi-body system theory, the geometric deviations were analyzed in model coordinate conversion, and the gravity deformation-sensitive parts of the gantry fiber placement machines were studied. The gravity deformation matrix was obtained through mechanics abstraction and parameter extraction. The geometric deviations and gravity deformations were incorporated into the theoretical kinematics model to establish a comprehensive kinematics model of the gantry fiber placement machines. Parametric calibration was achieved through objective function establishment, measurement point selection, and parameter identification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method may significantly improve the precision of the kinematics model, the position errors of the gantry fiber placement machines are reduced by over 74%.
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