A vision-sensing-based dual-tracking continuous mobile 3D printing strategy was proposed to effectively improve the forming accuracy of mobile robotic 3D printing. Optical motion capture technology and blue-light laser triangulation scanning were employed to obtain the interlayer deviations among the mobile chassis, the end-effector of the printing manipulator, and the extruded filament under two printing modes: single-chassis tracking and chassis-manipulator collaborative tracking. Furthermore, the portability of the dual-tracking strategy was tested by printing models of different geometries. The results demonstrate that, compared with the semi-open-loop single-chassis tracking approach, the dual-tracking mobile 3D printing strategy with chassis-manipulator collaboration reduces the root mean square error(RMSE) of filament interlayer deviation from 5.3~13.0 mm to 1.4~2.3 mm, representing an improvement of 73.6%~88.0%. These findings verify the effectiveness and portability of the dual-tracking printing strategy in optimizing interlayer deviation.
双寻迹连续移动3D打印机器人通过三个坐标系进行定位:世界坐标系OwXwYwZw、底盘坐标系ObXbYbZb、喷嘴坐标系OnXnYnZn。如图5所示,世界坐标系以地垫的一角为原点建立全局参考系,三轴方向与地垫边缘对齐,固定不变,用于表征智能底盘、喷嘴和目标点的绝对坐标与位姿。底盘坐标系以底盘几何中心为原点,同时采用偏航角确定底盘的姿态,随机器人移动而动态变化,表征喷嘴相对于智能底盘的相对坐标;喷嘴坐标系以喷嘴末端执行点(tool center point,TCP)为原点,用于表征目标点相对于喷嘴的相对坐标。
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