预针刺密度与叠层针刺密度对碳纤维针刺预制体力学性能的影响

Influence of pre-needling density and layerwise needling density on mechanical properties of carbon fiber needle-punched preforms

摘要

为提高碳纤维针刺预制体的力学性能，以拉伸强度和层间剥离强度为研究对象，系统性地探究了预针刺密度与叠层针刺密度对碳纤维针刺预制体结构性能的协同调控机制。以 T700/12 K碳纤维为原料，采用全组合设计方法，调控预针刺密度（6、8、10 针/cm²）与叠层针刺密度（20、24、28、32、36、40 针/cm²）组合参数，制备碳纤维针刺预制体，并对其进行拉伸强度与层间剥离强度测试。结果表明，预针刺密度升高可增强预制体结构稳定性，从而提升拉伸强度；叠层针刺密度为主导因素，其增大可显著改善层间缠结与层间剥离强度，但叠层针刺密度过高会导致纤维断裂和平面内性能下降。两者之间呈现＂此消彼长＂的耦合关系，叠层针刺密度的提高对层间剥离强度有促进作用，而对拉伸强度产生削弱效应。当预针刺密度为 10 针/cm²，叠层针刺密度为 28、32 针/cm²时，预制体拉伸强度分别为 6.85、6.74 MPa，层间剥离强度分别为 575.97、645.03 N/m，综合性能表现优异。该研究揭示了针刺密度参数间的协同优化机制，为碳/碳复合材料预制体工艺设计提供了理论支撑和试验依据。

Abstract

To enhance the mechanical properties of carbon fiber needle-punched preforms，the synergistic regulation mechanism of pre-needling density and layerwise needling density on the structural performance of the carbon fiber needle-punched preforms was investigated，with a focuse on tensile strength and interlaminar peel strength．Using T700/12K carbon fibers as raw materials，a fully factorial design method was employed，and the combination of pre-needling density（6,8,10 needles /cm²）and layerwise needling density（20,24,28,32,36,40 needles /cm²）were regulated，carbon fiber needle-punched preforms were prepared．And tensile strength and interlaminar peel strength tests were conducted on it．The results showed that increasing the pre-needling density enhanced the structural stability of the preforms and further improved their tensile strength．As the dominant factor，the increase of layerwise needling density significantly optimized interlaminar entanglement and interlaminar peel strength，while excessive layerwise needling density would cause fiber breakage and deterioration of in-plane performance．A typical trade-off coupling relationship existed between the two parameters．The increase of layerwise needling density facilitated the improvement of interlaminar peel strength but exerted a weakening effect on tensile strength．When the pre-needling density was 10 needles /cm² and the layerwise needling density was 28、32 needles /cm²，the preform exhibited excellent comprehensive performance，the tensile strength were 5.7 and 6.8 MPa，respectively，and the interlaminar peel strength were 575.97 and 645.03 N/m，respectively．The study reveals the synergistic optimization mechanism between needling density parameters and provides theoretical support and experimental basis for process design of carbon/carbon composite preforms．

关键词

针刺工艺 / 预针刺密度 / 叠层针刺密度 / 拉伸性能 / 层间剥离强度 / 碳/碳复合材料 / 整体针刺毡

Key words

needle-punching process / pre-needling density / layerwise needling density / tensile property / interlaminar peel strength / carbon/carbon composites / integral needle-punched felt

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