锂离子电池用聚乙烯复合隔膜进展

Progress in polyethylene composite separators for lithium-ion batteries

摘要

围绕锂离子电池用聚乙烯（PE）复合隔膜展开全面论述。介绍了聚烯烃基多孔膜中，以聚乙烯为代表的材料在锂离子电池领域的广泛应用。探讨了 PE 隔膜存在热稳定性差、电解液润湿性不足及易受机械损伤等问题，科研人员将无机纳米材料与PE隔膜复合，形成无机颗粒涂层、接枝和填充这 3 类复合隔膜。指出这些改性方法显著提升了隔膜的热稳定性、离子电导率和电化学性能，且需在多尺度复合与梯度结构设计、绿色制备技术开发以及适配新兴电池体系等方面深入研究。研究为未来高性能电池隔膜的国产化与产业化提供支撑。

Abstract

A comprehensive discussion on polyethylene（PE）composite separators for lithium-ion batteries were presented．The wide application of polyethylene as a respresentative material among polyolefin-based porous membranes in the field of lithium-ion batteries was introduced．The issues such as poor thermal stability，insufficient wettability with electrolytes，and vulnerability to mechanical damage of PE separators were discussed．Researchers combined inorganic nanomaterials with PE separators to form three types of composite separators：coated，grafted and filled．It was pointed out that these modifications significantly improved the thermal stability，ionic conductivity， and electrochemical performance of the separators．And in-depth research should be conducted on multi-scale composites and gradient structure design，the development of green preparation technologies，and adaptation to emerging battery systems．The research provides support for the localization and industrialization of high-performance battery separators in the future．

关键词

锂离子电池 / 聚乙烯 / 改性隔膜 / 电池安全

Key words

lithium-ion battery / polyethylene / modified separator / battery safety

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基金资助

南通市自然科学基金青年基金项目(JC2024002)