汽车座椅用织物耐磨性能测试方法的对比分析

Comparative analysis of abrasion resistance test methods for automotive seat fabrics

摘要

为对比分析汽车座椅用织物耐磨性能的测试方法,选取机织平布、机织提花布和针织布 3 种典型织物与海绵复合,制备汽车座椅用织物,再采用马丁代尔法、Taber 法、肖伯尔法、平面磨耗法和 MIE 法等5种方法进行耐磨性能测试。通过构建关于灰色对比度与磨损面描述的综合评分体系,量化比较各方法的磨损程度,并分析各测试方法与实际使用场景的对应关系。结果表明:同一织物不同测试方法的耐磨性结果差异显著,这与不同测试方法的摩擦原理、加载方式和磨料特性各异,导致不同方法凸显织物失效模式不同有关。马丁代尔法适合模拟长期乘坐时的多方向累积磨损;Taber 法适合模拟砂砾嵌入后的碾压磨削;肖伯尔法适合模拟坐姿扭转、起身等小面积旋转摩擦;平面磨耗法适合模拟上下车时的单向滑动摩擦;MIE 法适合模拟较低负荷拉伸状态下较长时间的轻微摩擦,其磨损作用相对最温和。研究为汽车座椅用织物耐磨测试方法的选择提供了依据,并指出评价汽车座椅用织物耐磨性能时,可根据材料实际的使用场景选择或组合相应的测试方法,以更全面地反映材料在实际使用中的耐磨表现。

Abstract

To comparatively analyze the abrasion resistance test methods for automotive seat fabrics, three typical fabrics - woven plain fabric, woven jacquard fabric, and knitted fabric - were selected and composited with foam to prepare automotive seat fabric samples. Five test methods, namely the Martindale method, the Taber method, the Schopper method, the flat abrasion method, and the MIE method, were employed for abrasion resistance testing. A comprehensive scoring system based on grey contrast and worn surface description was constructed to quantitatively compare the abrasion degrees of the different methods, and the correlation between each test method and actual service condition was analyzed. The results showed that, significant differences in abrasion resistance were observed for the same fabric when different test methods were applied. This was attributed to the distinct friction mechanisms, loading modes, and abrasive characteristics of the various methods, which led to different failure modes being highlighted. The Martindale method was found to be suitable for simulating multi-directional cumulative abrasion during prolonged seating; the Taber method was suitable for simulating rolling abrasion with embedded sand or gravel; the Schopper method was suitable for simulating small-area rotational friction during seated twisting and rising; the flat abrasion method was suitable for simulating unidirectional sliding friction during getting on and off the vehicle; and the MIE method was suitable for simulating mild friction under low load and stretched state over a prolonged period, with the mildest abrasion effect among all methods. The study provides a basis for the selection of abrasion resistance test methods for automotive seat fabrics, and indicates that when evaluating the abrasion resistance of automotive seat fabrics, the corresponding test method(s) can be selected or combined according to the actual service condition of the material, so as to more comprehensively reflect the abrasion performance of the material under real-world usage.

关键词

汽车座椅用织物 / 耐磨性能 / 马丁代尔法 / Taber 法 / 肖伯尔法 / 平面磨耗法 / MIE 法 / 综合评分体系

Key words

automotive seat fabric / abrasion resistance / the Martindale method / the Taber method / the Schopper method / the flat abrasion method / the MIE method / comprehensive scoring system

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