乙醇作用下聚合物纤维材料溶胀特性研究

Study on swelling characteristics of polymer fiber materials under ethanol influence

摘要

通过静电纺丝法制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纳米纤维膜和聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维膜,研究了水及乙醇溶液中 2 种纳米纤维膜的溶胀特性。结果表明:PET 纳米纤维膜与 PVDF 纳米纤维膜在质量分数为 10. 0%的乙醇溶液中溶胀较为显著,最大溶胀尺寸分别为(2. 00±0. 05) μm 与(5. 00±0. 15) μm,PVDF 纳米纤维膜溶胀率(7. 2%)高于 PET 纳米纤维膜(2. 6%)。测试了 2 种纳米纤维膜在表面喷涂导电层后,在水及不同质量分数乙醇溶液中,因纤维溶胀致使导电颗粒间隙增大进而导致的电阻变化。发现:PET 导电纳米纤维膜与 PVDF 导电纳米纤维膜在无水乙醇(质量分数≥99. 5%)中的电阻变化量最大。乙醇溶液蒸发后,2 种导电纳米纤维膜表面电阻均可恢复,但导电颗粒在反复溶胀与恢复的过程中重新排布可能会导致恢复后电阻与初始电阻存在小幅差异。2 种导电纳米纤维膜在低质量分数(不超过 10. 0%)乙醇溶液中的电阻变化幅度显著小于在高质量分数无水乙醇中的电阻变化幅度。PET 导电纳米纤维膜和 PVDF 导电纳米纤维膜在有机溶剂检测领域都具有较大的应用潜力。研究指出,未来可通过合理选择聚合物材料、优化导电颗粒类型、提升导电层喷涂均匀性等措施,改善导电纳米纤维膜的溶胀响应灵敏性、电阻稳定性及响应可逆性,进一步提高导电纳米纤维膜在有机溶剂传感领域应用的综合性能。

Abstract

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanofiber membranes and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membranes were fabricated via electrospinning, and their swelling characteristics in water and ethanol solutions with different mass fractions were investigated. The results showed that, both PET nanofiber membranes and PVDF nanofiber membranes exhibited obvious swelling in ethanol solution with a mass fraction of 10. 0%, with maximum swelling dimensions of (2. 00 ± 0. 05) μm and (5. 00 ± 0. 15) μm, and swelling rates of 2. 6% and 7. 2%, respectively. The swelling rate of PVDF nanofiber membranes was higher than that of PET ones. The resistance variation of the two nanofiber membranes spray-coated with conductive layers, was tested in water and ethanol solutions with various mass fractions, where fiber swelling increased the gap between conductive particles. It was found that the PET conductive nanofiber membranes and PVDF conductive nanofiber membranes exhibited the maximum resistance variation in absolute ethanol (mass fraction ≥99. 5%). After the ethanol solution was evaporated, the surface resistance of both conductive nanofiber membranes could be restored, whereas the rearrangement of conductive particles during repeated swelling and recovery might lead to slight differences between the recovered resistance and the initial resistance. The resistance variation amplitudes of the two conductive nanofiber membranes in ethanol solutions with low mass fractions (not exceeding 10. 0%) were significantly lower than those in absolute ethanol with high mass fractions. The PET conductive nanofiber membranes and PVDF conductive nanofiber membranes were demonstrated to have promising application potential in the field of organic solvent detection. The study suggested that the swelling response sensitivity, resistance stability, and response reversibility of the conductive nanofiber membranes could be further improved by rationally selecting polymer materials, optimizing the type of conductive particles, and enhancing the uniformity of the sprayed conductive layer, thereby further improving the overall performance of the conductive nanofiber membranes in the field of organic solvent sensing applications.

关键词

纳米纤维膜 / 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET) / 聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF) / 乙醇溶液 / 导电层 / 传感 / 电阻变化量 / 溶胀特性

Key words

nanofiber membrane / PET / PVDF / ethanol solution / conductive layer / sensing / resistance variation / swelling characteristic

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基金资助

辽宁省科技厅博士启动项目(2025-BS-0342)

辽宁省教育厅基本科研业务费(LJ212410144001)