镍铬合金丝铺缝电加热织物面内剪切性能

Experimental study on in-plane shear properties of nickel-chromium alloy wires placement electrothermal fabrics

摘要

为开发兼具抗剪切变形能力与电热性能的电加热织物,基于定制纤维铺缝(tailored fiber placement,TFP)工艺,制备了3种镍铬合金(Cr20Ni80)丝并联排列密度的电加热织物。利用万能试验机对电加热织物进行相框剪切试验,采用数字图像相关技术和红外热成像技术分析电加热织物的面内剪切性能与电热性能。结果表明:引入并联排布的Cr20Ni80丝后,电加热织物的面内剪切变形性能得到显著提升,剪切力由基布玻纤缎纹织物的1.45 N上升至电加热织物的2.50 N以上,增幅超72.41%。当Cr20Ni80丝并联排列密度为50根/(10 cm)时,电加热织物抗剪切变形能力最优。电加热织物在面内剪切变形过程中,基布玻纤缎纹织物由初始的正方形逐渐转变为菱形,纱线内部孔隙逐步被挤实,芳纶缝线与Cr20Ni80丝的正弦波形逐渐得到伸直。当剪切角持续增大至纱线锁紧状态时,电加热织物表面出现褶皱。在20 W的恒定功率下,3种电加热织物未变形时,30 s内均可升温至86 ℃以上,升温速率不低于2.88 ℃/s,面内剪切变形后3种电加热织物30 s内最高平衡温度分别达到87.1、102.0和109.6 ℃。研究可为高性能电热复合材料的设计与开发提供有效的工艺方案和试验参考。

Abstract

To develop electrothermal fabrics with both shear resistance and electrothermal performance, three types of electrothermal fabrics with different parallel arrangement densities of nickel-chromium alloy (Cr20Ni80) wires were fabricated based on the tailored fiber placement (TFP) process. Using the universal testing machine, the frame shear tests were performed on electrothermal fabrics, and using digital image correlation and infrared thermography, the in-plane shear properties and electrothermal performance of the electrothermal fabrics were analyzed. The results showed that after introducing the parallel-arranged Cr20Ni80 wires, the in-plane shear deformation performance of the electrothermal fabrics was significantly improved, with the shear force increasing from 1.45 N for the substrate glass fiber satin fabrics to more than 2.50 N for the electrothermal fabrics, an increase exceeding 72.41%. When the parallel arrangement density of Cr20Ni80 wires was 50 wires/(10 cm), the electrothermal fabric exhibited the optimal shear deformation resistance. During the in-plane shear deformation process of the electrothermal fabrics, the substrate glass fiber satin fabrics gradually transformed from the initial square to a rhombus shape, with yarn gaps compacted, and the sinusoidal waveforms of the aramid stitches and the Cr20Ni80 wires were gradually straightened. When the shear angle continued to increase to the locking state, wrinkles appeared on the surface of the electrothermal fabric. Under a constant power of 20 W, all three types of electrothermal fabrics in the undeformed state were heated to above 86 ℃ within 30 s, with a heating rate not less than 2.88 ℃/s. After in-plane shear deformation, the maximum equilibrium temperatures of the three electrothermal fabrics within 30 s reached 87.1, 102.0 and 109.6 ℃, respectively. The study provides effective process schemes and important experimental references for the design and development of high-performance electrothermal composites.

关键词

电加热织物 / 定制纤维铺缝工艺 / 镍铬合金丝 / 面内剪切性能 / 电热性能

Key words

electrothermal fabric / tailored fiber placement process / nickel-chromium alloy wire / in-plane shear property / electrothermal performance

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基金资助

天津市科技计划多元重点项目(22JCZDJC00940)