消防服织物辐射热防护性能影响因素研究

Study on influencing factors of radiant heat protection performance of firefighting garment fabrics

摘要

采用辐射热传递指数(RHTI)表征织物防护性能,系统探究纤维原料配比、织物结构参数及轧光后整理工艺对消防服织物辐射热防护性能的影响机制。结果表明:聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维与芳纶1313混纺可显著提升织物辐射热阻隔能力;同等面密度下,双层织物辐射热防护性能优于单层织物,表里层密度比2.0:1.0时防护性能最优;最优轧光工艺为温度170 ℃、压力0.8 MPa、速度25 m/min,该工艺参数能够改善织物表面平整度,提升红外辐射反射效率。研究表明,可在不增加织物面密度的前提下实现辐射热防护性能提升,研究结果可为轻量化高性能消防服面料研发提供理论依据与技术支撑。

Abstract

The protective performance of fabrics was characterized by radiant heat transfer index (RHTI). The influence mechanisms of fiber material blending ratio, fabric structural parameters and calendering finishing process on the radiant heat protection performance of firefighting garment fabrics were systematically investigated. The results showed that the radiant heat protection performance of fabrics could be significantly enhanced by the blending of polyimide (PI) fibers and aramid 1313 fibers. Under the same areal density, superior protective performance was exhibited by double-layer fabrics compared with single-layer fabrics, and the optimal inner-outer layer density ratio was determined to be 2.0:1.0. The optimal calendering parameters were determined to be a temperature of 170 ℃, a pressure of 0.8 MPa and a speed of 25 m/min, by which fabric surface smoothness was improved and infrared radiation reflectivity was enhanced. The study demonstrated that enhanced radiant heat protection performance could be achieved without increasing fabric areal density, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of lightweight, high-performance firefighting garment fabrics.

关键词

消防服织物 / 辐射热防护 / 辐射热传递指数 / 纤维原料 / 织物层数 / 织物组织 / 表里层密度比 / 轧光

Key words

firefighting garment fabric / radiant heat protection / radiant heat transfer index / fiber material / number of fabric layer / fabric weave / inner-outer layer density ratio / calendering

参考文献

[1] 林建波, 殷海波, 曹永强. 消防员隔热防护服的抗辐射热渗透性能[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2015, 34(2): 241-243.

[2] 刘生广, 陈国梁, 蒋秋冉. 液态硅橡胶涂覆尼龙 66 复合材料的耐热性研究[J]. 产业用纺织品, 2025, 43(12): 31-39.

[3] 刘国熠, 刘元军, 赵晓明. 消防避火服外层织物辐射热防护效能研究[J]. 材料导报, 2017, 31(22): 116-120.

[4] 张巍. 消防员防护服用高性能纤维材料选择与优化策略[J]. 化纤与纺织技术, 2025, 54(9): 172-174.

[5] 张希文, 刘海, 吕欢, 等. 高辐射热下高性能纤维阻燃织物的热防护性能研究[J]. 毛纺科技, 2024, 52(11): 14-19.

[6] 张希文, 樊争科, 郭晶, 等. 森林消防员防火服的研究进展[J]. 合成纤维, 2025, 54(11): 33-36.

[7] 朱超俊. 消防服外层用阻燃织物的防护性能探讨[J]. 产业用纺织品, 2016, 34(9): 23-24.