家蚕丝素蛋白基医卫纺织材料的改性策略与应用进展

Modification strategies and application progress of Bombyx mori silk fibroin-based medical and hygiene textile materials

摘要

家蚕丝素蛋白(silk fibroin, SF)是一类提取自蚕茧的天然长纤维结构蛋白,具有良好的生物相容性、低免疫原性、可控降解性及可加工与可功能化修饰等优势,是医卫纺织材料的重要候选生物基原料。梳理了家蚕SF的分子结构与理化特性,概述了其在丝腺中的形成过程及再生SF的制备与提取方法,总结了SF基医卫纺织材料的关键改性策略并归纳其在组织工程、药物递送、医用防护与智能医疗等方向的功能化应用与研究进展,指出SF基材料从实验室研究向临床与产品转化仍面临诸多挑战,包括安全性与长期体内评价不足、制备工艺与质量控制标准缺乏、规模化生产一致性与成本控制困难,以及监管路径与应用场景匹配不清等问题。展望未来,随着材料改性技术与临床转化体系的不断完善,SF基医卫纺织材料有望在替代部分传统合成材料、推动材料绿色化与智能化发展方面实现更广泛的应用。

Abstract

Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) is a naturally derived long-fibrous structural protein extracted from silkworm cocoons, which has advantages such as favorable biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, controllable biodegradability, processability, and functional modification, making it an important candidate bio-based raw material for medical and hygiene textile materials. The molecular architecture and physicochemical characteristics of Bombyx mori SF were summarized, and its in vivo formation in the silk gland and the preparation and extraction methods for regenerated SF were described. The key modification strategies for SF-based medical and hygiene textile materials, and functional applications and recent progress in tissue engineering, drug delivery, medical protection, and intelligent hygiene systems were summarized. It was pointed out that the translation of SF-based materials from laboratory studies to clinical and commercial applications remain hindered by numerous challenges, including insufficient safety and long-term in vivo evaluation, the lack of manufacturing process and quality-control criteria, difficulties in consistency and controlling costs in large-scale production, and unclear alignment between regulatory pathways and application scenarios. Looking ahead, as material modification technologies and clinical translation frameworks continue to mature, SF-based medical and hygiene textile materials are expected to be applied more broadly in replacing certain traditional synthetic materials and driving the green and intelligent development of materials.

关键词

医卫纺织材料 / 丝素蛋白 / 生物材料 / 改性策略 / 功能应用

Key words

medical and hygiene textile material / silk fibroin / biomaterial / modification strategy / functional application

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基金资助

重庆市在渝院士牵头科技创新引导专项(CSTB2023YSZX-JCX0003)

国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(32360860)

西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费重点发展项目(SWU-KF25005)

重庆市留学人员回国创业创新支持计划重点项目(cx2024003)

国家高层次人才特殊支持计划项目(2024年)