Copper, as a strategic mineral resource, plays a crucial role in various critical sectors, including electrical energy, transportation, and advanced manufacturing. China stands as a significant consumer of copper resources, and the security of its industrial and supply chains is becoming increasingly critical. Consequently, it is imperative to assess the security of China’s copper resource industrial and supply chains and propose recommendations. This study, anchored in the structural characteristics of the copper industry and supply chains, adopts a comprehensive approach to identify influencing factors across three dimensions: resource acquisition security, resource circulation security, and resource transformation security. By doing so, it constructs a security evaluation index system. The study evaluates the security level of China’s copper resource industry and supply chains over the period from 2001 to 2023. Additionally, the obstacle degree model is employed to ascertain the constraint intensity of factors impeding security status, while the coupling coordination model is utilized to analyze the dynamics of coordinated development. The research findings can be summarized as follows: (1) The comprehensive index assessing the security of China’s copper resource industrial and supply chains from 2001 to 2023 initially exhibits a decline followed by fluctuations. While the overall development trend appears positive, the security situation remains critical. (2) The primary factor influencing the security of the copper resource industrial and supply chains is resource acquisition security. Key obstacles include the degree of dependence on foreign sources, import concentration, recycling rate, price volatility, and the comprehensive energy consumption associated with copper smelting. (3) The coupling coordination degree among the three primary indicators demonstrates a fluctuating downward trend, indicating a low overall level of coordination. In certain years, the degree of coordination has markedly declined due to significant fluctuations in copper prices and an increased concentration of imports. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to enhance resource acquisition capabilities and diversify channels for resource procurement; optimize the resource circulation network to bolster trade autonomy and resilience against shocks; improve resource recycling and utilization processes to enhance transformation capacity; and mitigate the constraints imposed by obstructive factors while promoting multi-dimensional integration and coordinated development. These measures aim to strengthen the security of China’s copper resource industrial and supply chains. The conclusions of this research offer valuable insights and guidance for the government in ensuring the secure development of the copper resource industrial and supply chains.
铜是我国重要的战略性矿产资源,是国民经济和社会发展的重要基础原材料,在电气、交通运输和冶金等领域发挥着不可替代的作用。随着新能源产业和高端制造业的迅猛发展,我国对铜资源的需求量呈现更为强劲的增长态势(张楠,2023)。然而,作为铜消费大国,我国铜产业链供应链安全却长期面临结构性问题:上游资源保障能力欠缺,对外依存度逐年攀升;中游冶炼端产能过剩且加工费较低,利润空间收窄(张楠,2024);此外,我国铜加工领域产业结构有待完善,部分行业的需求下滑削弱了铜产品下游市场。党的二十大报告中提出“着力提升产业链供应链韧性与安全水平”,产业链供应链安全是构建新发展格局的重要基础,因此研究中国铜资源产业链供应链安全,对推动制造强国建设意义重大。产业链概念起源于社会分工理论,指产业部门之间基于技术经济联系与时空布局关系形成的链条式关联形态(黄群慧等,2020),是产业组织、生产过程与价值实现的统一(盛朝讯,2019)。供应链概念起源于“经济链”,是从物流供应角度描述的链条式关联关系和时空分布形态,随全球化扩展为跨国协作网络,当前正通过数字化(陶锋等,2023)和智能化转型(陈剑等,2021)提升效率和可持续性。产业链上下游各环节环环相扣,供应链前后端供给需求关系紧密耦合(盛朝迅,2021)。二者在理论演进中,依托自身独特的流程属性和时空属性逐步呈现融合发展的趋势,进而构成产业链供应链这一新型经济组织形态(宋华等,2022)。在产业链供应链安全领域,国内外学者对其进行了深入的研究和探讨。随着经济社会发展及全球化分工的深化,其研究内容主要涵盖产业链供应链安全内涵(徐德义等,2023;石建勋等,2024)、区域竞争与协同(王安建等,2022;王永中等,2023)、解决路径(姜长云,2023;刘伟华等,2025)、韧性评价(Wang et al,2025;Wu et al,2025)和韧性提升(Song et al,2025;Yang et al,2025)等方面。这些研究均为本文提供了坚实的基础。
作为光伏、风电等新能源技术的核心材料,铜的战略地位日益提升。然而,目前关于铜资源产业链供应链安全的研究相对较少,主要围绕铜产业的现状特征(计启迪等,2021)、供应安全(Kang et al,2023; Li et al,2024)和韧性评价(朱永光等,2023)展开。例如;通过分析对中国铜行业现状,预测未来铜产业发展态势(张楠等,2017);分析国内外资源及二次资源对其消费需求的保障程度,制定铜的安全供应战略(孙传尧等,2019);基于长周期历史数据分析预测法评价中国铜矿资源的供应风险(李鹏远等,2019)。在全球经济波动与资源竞争加剧背景下,铜资源产业链供应链韧性逐渐成为焦点,Zhang et al(2025)构建了全球铜贸易依赖网络,研究发现产业链供应链韧性是保障其安全的关键所在。朱永光等(2023)从4个维度构建韧性综合评价指标体系,研究表明中国铜资源产业链供应链韧性呈上升趋势。但铜资源产业链供应链是涵盖上游开采、中游冶炼和下游加工的全链条复杂系统(吴赟龙等,2025),现有研究未能准确评估我国铜资源产业链供应链整体安全水平。
(2)资源流通安全:是产业链供应链安全的坚实保障。随着近年来地缘政治风险加剧(李鹏远等,2019)及欧美国家去风险论等多种因素影响,对我国铜资源产业链供应链产生较大冲击。供应端,铜资源生产大国如智利、秘鲁等高举资源民族主义大旗抵制资源外流(成金华等,2023),导致供应受限从而进一步推高铜价,降低资源流通安全水平(Li et al,2023)。因此,需要重点考虑地缘政治风险和价格波动率等影响因素。
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