1.School of Resource Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China
2.State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
3.State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health of Metal Mines, Maanshan 243000, Anhui, China
As the depth of open-pit mining operations continues to increase, the stability of high-steep rock slopes has become a more significant concern, revealing the limitations of traditional stability analysis methods, particularly under complex geological conditions. This study focuses on a high-steep rock slope at a specific open-pit mine and introduces a novel stability analysis approach that integrates point cloud data with Rhino-FLAC3D. Initially, close-range photogrammetry, facilitated by drones and enhanced by SIFT, SFM, and MVS technologies, is utilized to acquire and generate a dense point cloud representation of the slope. Subsequently, using the processed point cloud data, a three-dimensional geometric model of the slope is developed employing Rhino software. In conclusion, the model is integrated into FLAC3D for stratified processing and numerical simulation to examine the displacement distribution and stress concentration characteristics of the slope, identify potential zones of instability, and compute a safety factor of 1.041. This value suggests that the slope is nearing its stability threshold. A comparative analysis with conventional methods demonstrates a marked improvement in accuracy with the proposed approach. Based on the analytical results, specific slope protection and reinforcement strategies are recommended. The findings indicate that the proposed modeling methodology, which integrates point cloud data with Rhino-FLAC3D coupling, effectively captures the nuanced geometric features and discontinuities of the slope, thereby substantially enhancing the precision of the 3D slope model. As a result, more reliable numerical simulation outcomes are achieved, fulfilling the engineering requirements for the stability analysis of high-steep rock slopes.
目前,岩质边坡稳定性分析方法众多,大致可划分为定性分析和定量分析两大类。其中,定量分析法又划分为确定性分析方法和不确定性分析方法(靳付成,2007);定性分析法主要适用于简单地质条件下的边坡分析,但其受方法本身局限性制约,难以对复杂地质条件下的边坡进行准确、有效的稳定性分析。因此,针对几何形态与地质条件复杂、坡度动态变化的边坡,需采用其他方法进行研究。赵昌鑫(2020)将可靠度理论与极限平衡法耦合,对金堆城露天矿西帮高陡边坡开展稳定性分析;胡接枝(2022)和张飞等(2012)分别采用简化Bishop法和Sarma法精准求解露天矿边坡安全系数,并进行稳定性影响因素敏感性分析;Liu et al(2017)采用多种动力算法对露天矿边坡进行了动力稳定性评价,并明确了各方法的适用范围。在露天矿边坡稳定性评价与数值模拟分析方面,侯克鹏等(2021)提出基于改进FAHP-CRITIC法博弈赋权与正态云模型的边坡危险性评估方法,构建了相应的危险性评估体系;曹仁举等(2020)和Li et al(2015)基于模糊数学理论对多因素影响下的露天矿边坡稳定性进行综合分析与评价;还有学者借助FLAC 3D、3D Mine等数值模拟平台,结合多种算法实现了不同工况下露天矿边坡的稳定性分析(何旭等,2021;杨溢等,2025;马勤为等,2025)。
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