This paper examines the issue of asymmetrical pressure at the entrance of a super-large section flat structure mine tunnel.The study employs numerical simulations,utilizing the finite difference software FLAC3D,to analyze a proposed backfilling scheme.The simulations consider the impact of varying excavation sequences in double-line tunnels on the asymmetrical pressure problem.Consequently,numerical models were developed to examine four distinct excavation strategies:Unbackfilled with the left line excavated first,unbackfilled with the right line excavated first,backfilled with the left line excavated first,and backfilled with the right line excavated first.By analyzing the distribution of plastic zones,as well as the vertical and horizontal displa-cements of the tunnels under these varying excavation strategies,the feasibility of the backfilling approach was assessed and validated.The backfilling scheme effectively addresses the issue of uniform settlement of the surrounding rock under biased conditions,thereby mitigating the horizontal displacement of the tunnel vault and the horizontal convergence of the sidewall,ultimately enhancing the stability of the surrounding rock.The stress distribution within the tunnel’s surrounding rock follows the pattern of “arch foot>sidewall>arch floor>vault” with stress concentrations occurring at the arch foot and the vault being prone to tensile failure,which reflects the stress characteristics of the surrounding rock in super-large section flat structure tunnels.The implementation of a backfilling scheme mitigates issues related to loosening at the vault and asymmetrical stress distribution at the arch footings.Based on an analysis of surrounding rock deformation,the concept of secondary deformation is introduced,allowing for a comparative assessment of the secondary impacts of various excavation sequences on the tunnel.The findings indicate that,for the tunnels under study,the optimal excavation sequence post-backfilling is to first excavate the left line followed by the right line.Conversely,the optimal sequence prior to backfilling involves first excavating the right line and then the left line.The results of the final comprehensive evaluation indicate that initiating excavation on the deeply buried side of the tunnel post-backfilling significantly reduces the deformation of the surrounding rock.Based on numerical simulation outcomes,appropriate reinforcement measures are recommended for practical construction applications.Furthermore,an in-depth analysis of the stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rocks and supporting structures in super-large section flat structure tunnels is conducted in conjunction with the on-site construction plan.The monitoring data closely align with the numerical simulation results regarding the deformation observed around the periphery of the tunnel’s cross-section.This congruence confirms the accuracy of the numerical model developed in this study and underscores the viability of the proposed optimized construction scheme.The findings presented herein offer theoretical support and serve as a data reference for the design and construction of the entrance bias section in super-large section flat structure tunnels.
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