To address the issues of ambiguity and complexity in assessing the stability of bedding rock slopes in mining environments,a fuzzy hierarchical analysis model was developed,utilizing the simple dependent degree from topological theory to ascertain the weights.Initially,extensive literature review and consideration of the specific characteristics of open-pit mine bedding rock slopes guide the selection of representative and typical stability evaluation indices.These indices include slope height,slope angle,uniaxial compressive strength of the rock,rock integrity index,as well as the internal friction angle and cohesion of structural surfaces,selected both qualitatively and quantitatively.Then the evaluation outcomes are assessed using the simple dependent degree to determine weights,thereby addressing the fuzzy and complex issues inherent in the evaluation of bedding rock slope stability in mining contexts.Subsequently,addressing the issue of constructing a judgment matrix via the analytic hierarchy process,subjective factors influencing the accuracy of evaluation results are considered.The simple dependency degree was employed to calculate the correlation magnitude of each index,facilitating the construction of a rational judgment matrix.Weights are then derived from this matrix and integrated with fuzzy theory to ascertain the slope stability level.The model is applied to assess the stability of a bedding rock slope in an open-pit mine in Yunnan Province.Its validity is confirmed through the strength reduction method and the limit equilibrium method.The findings indicate that the stability state of the rock slope in the Mine B area can be categorized as very stable,stable,basically stable,unstable,and very unstable,with respective affiliation degrees of 0.0808,0.2641,0.4104,0.1820 and 0.0627.According to the principle of maximum affiliation degree,the slope is classified as basically stable.The slope safety coefficient,determined using the strength reduction method,is 1.113,while the coefficient calculated via the limit equilibrium method is 1.121.These results align with those obtained through the fuzzy hierarchical analysis model presented in this study,thereby confirming the model’s reliability.The improved fuzzy hierarchical analysis method yields results that are more objective,accurate,and reasonable,offering a valuable reference for assessing the stability of bedding rock slopes.
目前国内外学者针对边坡稳定性分析中存在的模糊性和复杂性等方面的问题开展了大量的研究。许多学者结合模糊数学和层次分析法对边坡稳定性进行分析评价(夏龙等,2017;Yao et al.,2022;Ye et al.,2023),但是传统的模糊层次分析法在确定权重方面存在主观性,影响最终评价结果的精度。为此,有学者采用客观熵权法进行改进(吴会军等,2021)。由于采用单一的主观赋权受人为主观因素的影响,而单一的客观赋权缺乏主观能动性,为了弥补二者的缺陷,学者们采用主客观组合赋权的方法进行优化改进(姜安民等,2019)。模糊综合评价法是解决边坡稳定性问题的常用分析方法,在此基础上,学者们拓展出许多新思路,例如:针对评价指标间的不相容性和模糊性问题,引入改进云模型对边坡稳定性进行评价分析(Chen et al.,2021;胥孝川等,2021;Chen et al.,2023;荣光旭等,2023;Wu et al.,2024)。可拓理论作为不确定性分析方法之一,也被广泛应用于解决边坡稳定性评价过程不相容问题中,如:程平等(2020)建立了层次分析法与可拓理论相结合的消落带边坡稳定性评价模型;乔建刚等(2020)建立了基于粗糙集理论确定指标权重,可拓理论评价边坡稳定性的模型,并对模型可靠性进行了验证。还有学者提出采用无人机摄影测量提取地形数据,从而合理建立稳定性评价指标体系(Bai et al.,2024),并运用层次分析法确定了各个指标权重以评价分析边坡稳定性。从已有研究可以看出,不确定性分析方法在不同地质条件和岩体结构边坡稳定性评价中取得了一定成果,然而,针对顺层岩质边坡稳定性评价方面的研究却鲜有报道。
②确定初始权向量。层次分析法在两两比较过程中存在主观因素,从而导致评价结果存在误差,一致性较差。为此,在原先9标度法的基础上,增加0.5~1.0之间的数值对两两比较指标的重要程度进行标度。该方法是把比较的2个指标看成一个整体,用百分比的形式确定因素重要程度;根据步骤(1)得出判断矩阵大小排序,对照表3中隶属度,得到初始权向量 W ′={W'1,W'2,…,W' m }。其中,隶属度由(1-a)/a计算得到。
③确定权向量。对步骤(2)中得出的初始权向量 W '进行归一化处理得到所求权向量:
④Fuzzy-AHP综合评价
假设边坡稳定性评价m类指标,首先根据隶属度函数计算式(1)~式(3)可得出隶属矩阵 R ={R1,R2,R3,R4,R5}T,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4和R5为一类评价指标对各等级的隶属度;然后根据前面确定的权向量方法求出最终权向量 W;最后计算综合隶属度评价向量
根据给出的判断矩阵并对照表3中隶属度,得出初始权向量 W ′={0.7391,1.0000,0.9048,0.5385,0.6000,0.8182,0.6667},对其进行归一化处理得到所求权向量 W ={0.1403,0.1898,0.1718,0.1022,0.1139,0.1553,0.1266}。从表5可得出边坡模糊评价矩阵 R :
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