南亚热带典型林型群落特征分析
Analysis of Characteristics of Typical Forest Communities in South Asian Tropics
通过对广州市增城区按照起源和林分类型划分的4种典型林型(天然阔叶混交林、人工阔叶混交林、人工阔叶纯林、人工针阔混交林)群落的物种多样性和土壤理化性质的探究,分析其物种多样性差异,以及物种多样性和土壤环境因子之间的关系,为精准提升天然林质量提供理论基础。采用典型样方调查法,运用统计学分析方法,计算Magalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势度指数,对增城区典型森林群落的物种组成、优势度和乔木、灌草层的物种多样性的差异进行分析,并结合土壤环境因子进行相关性分析。研究区域共调查到植物193种82科153属。4种林型优势种(及其重要值)分别为天然阔叶混交林中的浙江润楠(6.36%)、人工阔叶混交林中的浙江润楠(5.52%)、人工阔叶纯林中的桉树(29.54%)、人工针阔混交林中的鸭脚木(4.73%)。天然和人工阔叶混交林优势种径级呈倒J形分布,人工针阔混交林和阔叶纯林为正态分布。4种林型群落在物种多样性、土壤氮、磷含量方面具有显著差异,其中,人工阔叶纯林乔木层物种多样性最低,灌草层物种多样性最高。研究结果表明,4种林型土壤营养物质含量差异显著,物种多样性和土壤理化性质具有显著相关性,区域内不同起源、不同林分类型的森林需要不同的经营措施。
By exploring the species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties of four typical forest types (natural broad-leaved mixed forest, artificial broad-leaved mixed forest, artificial broad-leaved pure forest, and artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest) in Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, based on their origins and stand types, we analyzed their species diversity differences and the relationship between them and soil environmental factors, providing a theoretical basis for improving the quality of natural forests accurately. Using the typical quadrat survey method and statistical analysis methods, we calculated the Magalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson dominance index to analyze the differences in species composition, dominance, and species diversity of the arbor and shrub layers in typical forest communities in Zengcheng District, and conducted correlation analysis with soil environmental factors. A total of 193 species belonging to 82 families and 153 genera were surveyed in the study area. The dominant species and their importance values of the four forest types were as follows: natural broad-leaved mixed forest (Machilus thunbergii, 6.36%), artificial broad-leaved mixed forest (M. thunbergii, 5.52%), artificial broad-leaved pure forest (Eucalyptus, 29.54%), and artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (Canarium, 4.73%). The dominant species in natural and artificial broad-leaved mixed forests showed an inverted J-shaped distribution, while artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and broad-leaved pure forests showed a normal distribution. The four forest types had significant differences in species diversity, soil nitrogen, and phosphorus content. Among them, the artificial broad-leaved pure forest had the lowest species diversity in the arbor layer and the highest species diversity in the shrub layer. The soil nutrient content of the four forest types varied significantly, and there was a significant correlation between species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties. Forests of different origins and stand types in the region require different management measures.
群落特征 / 土壤理化性质 / 生物多样性 / 森林质量提升 / 森林经营
Community characteristics / soil physical and chemical properties / species diversity / forest quality improvement / forest management
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广州市森林质量提升项目(2023-440118-000098)
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