Based on the orthogonal test design method, the expansive mudstone in the cutting of Jingxin expressway in Zhangjiakou city was tested, and the relationship between the expansion rate of mudstone samples under different overlying loads and the soaking time, initial water content and compaction degree was studied, and the sensitivity of various factors was analyzed by the range analysis method. The results showed that the curve of expansion rate with the soaking time presented an S-shaped trend, which can be roughly divided into initial expansion stage, accelerated expansion stage and slow expansion stage. Under the same initial water content, the expansion rate increased with the increase of the compaction degree. Under the same compaction degree, the expansion rate decreased with the increase of initial water content. The range analysis method showed that the soaking time of the sample was the main factor affecting the expansion rate. Water content and compaction degree were the secondary influencing factors, and the influence of water content on the sample expansion rate was obvious under small load, and the load continued to increase, the compaction degree exceeded the influence of water content on the sample expansion rate.
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