This study employed a microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction method to extract three alkaloids (berberine, palmatine, and berbamine) from the bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.. Initially, the impact of the type of ionic liquid and liquid-to-solid ratio on extraction efficiency was investigated through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, the effects of ionic liquid concentration, extraction time, and temperature on extraction efficiency were further explored. The Box-Behnken response surface methodology was then applied to optimize and obtained the optimal extraction process, which was subsequently compared with traditional extraction methods. The research findings indicated that [Bmim][Br] solution exhibited the highest extraction efficiency for the alkaloids. The optimal extraction conditions included an ionic liquid concentration of 0.31 mol/L, a temperature of 94°C, and an extraction time of 15 minutes. Under these conditions, the yields of berberine, palmatine, and berbamine were 0.047%±0.003%, 0.421%± 0.011%, and 1.150%±0.028%, respectively. Compared to the traditional water heating reflux method, the extraction efficiencies were 9.3%, 12.8%, and 23.6% higher, respectively. This study demonstrates that the use of microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction technology can efficiently extract alkaloids from the bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr., providing a theoretical basis and empirical support for the extraction of active components from Phellodendron amurense Rupr..
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