1.National Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China
2.Xiaolong Mountain Research Institute of Forestry; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Secondary Forest Cultivation; Gansu Xiaolongshan Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station,Tianshui 741022,China
To explore the genetic variation patterns of growth traits during the seedling stage in Larix kaempferi seed orchards and plantation of superior tree open pollination families, and provide reference for afforestation and genetic improvement of excellent families in the later stage. Using 25 open pollinated families and 30 open pollinated families of superior trees in plantation as experimental materials in the Larix kaempferi primary clonal seed orchard of the Shaba National Larch/Spruce Seed Base. Mixed seed seedlings in the seed orchard were used as controls, and a randomized complete block experimental design was used in the field experiment. The seedling growth experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Shaba National Larch/Spruce Seed Base. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 for variance analysis, multiple comparisons, and estimated heritability and genetic gain. The 2-year-old seedling ground diameter, seedling height, and new shoot growth were used as indicators, and the Brykin multi trait comprehensive evaluation method was used for family evaluation and selection. There were rich genetic variations in the growth traits of 1-year-old and 2-year-old seedlings (ground diameter, height, and new shoot growth of 2-year-old seedlings) in seed orchards and open pollination families of superior trees in plantation, with significant differences in growth traits (P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01) positive correlation, with great potential for family selection. The coefficient of variation (CV) for 2-year-old seedling ground diameter, seedling height, and new shoot growth of the open pollinated family in the seed orchard were 27.61%, 36.82%, and 44.28%, respectively. The heritability of the family was 0.76, 0.79, and 0.79, respectively. The phenotypic CV for the ground diameter, seedling height, and new shoot growth of the open pollinated family in the plantation was 25.57%, 32.94%, and 38.83%, respectively. The heritability of the family was 0.90, 0.92, and 0.92, respectively, indicating high heritability. The growth traits of a family were strongly controlled by genetics and had a certain degree of stable genetic ability. The genetic gain of family selection was significant. Select excellent families with good seedling performance based on a 50% selection rate, thirteen families including species 1, species 25, species 8, species 34, species 26, species12, species 16, species20, species 2, species 100, species 7, species 21, and species 101 were selected for the seed orchard. The genetic gains in ground diameter, seedling height, and shoot growth of the selected families reached 1.89%, 6.18%, and 7.65%, respectively. Fifteen families, including You19, You8, You2, You28, You30, You3, You7, You1, You18, You6, You15, You26, You25, You24, and You13, were selected for open pollination of superior trees in plantation. The genetic gains of ground diameter, seedling height, and new shoot growth of the selected families were 3.73%, 9.31%, and 11.19%, respectively. Regardless of whether it is a seed orchard or an planted forest, the excellent family selected using the Brykin comprehensive evaluation method is precisely the one with the highest seedling height selected. Therefore, it is recommended that Larix kaempferi open pollination families use a single trait - seedling height - as an evaluation and selection indicator during the seedling stage, which is more intuitive, economical, and effective. At a 50% selection rate, 13 and 15 families are selected during the seedling stage for open pollination of superior trees in seed orchards and plantation, respectively. The initial selection of families during the seedling stage provides reference for afforestation experiments and later genetic improvement. Effectively reduce the scale of field experiments and improve selection efficiency. As an evaluation and selection indicator, seedling height is more intuitive, convenient, and practical in production.
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