To investigate the development of temperature fields under seepage conditions for pipe curtain freezing method, drawing on the Sanya River Estuary Trench Tunnel freezing project, combined with Darcy's law and heat transfer theory in porous media, using finite element software to establish a coupled water-heat numerical model,the study employs varying seepage rates in the model and a method for creating temperature measurement paths, and analyzes the evolution of the frozen soil curtain, circulation time, and wall thickness. The results indicate that the frozen soil curtain develops along the seepage direction, with the soil on the downstream side freezing earlier than the upstream side, and attaining a lower final temperature; when the flow rate is approximately 2.87 m/d, the impact of low seepage rates on the overall circulation time of the frozen soil curtain is relatively minor; as the seepage rate increases, the overall circulation time of the frozen soil curtain grows significantly, accompanied by increased regional unevenness and a decrease in thickness; when the flow rate increases to approximately 10.02 m/d, local non-circulation occurs in the frozen soil curtain. Considering the original freezing plan to be conservative, an optimized design is proposed: reducing the number of inner circle freezing pipes from 80 to 56, the simulated average thickness of the frozen soil curtain is approximately 4.28 m, a decrease of 0.195 m compared to the original plan. This optimized design still meets the freezing design specifications.
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