College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China
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文章历史+
Received
Accepted
Published
2024-06-21
Issue Date
2025-03-21
PDF (3571K)
摘要
为提高林业运输车辆的保险杠喷涂合格率,以某公司汽车保险杠的涂装质量数据为例,运用排列图对涂装质量数据进行分析得出颗粒、桔皮属于影响喷涂质量的主要因素。从人、机、料、法、环5个方面分析产生颗粒、桔皮的主要原因,并采用斯皮尔曼(Spearman)相关系数进行特征提取以及重要性分析,得出喷漆房的温度、喷漆房相对湿度、机器人喷涂流量、旋杯转速、喷涂距离、喷涂速度、漆的品牌、机器人(机器(1)、机器(2)、…、机器(6))均会影响保险杠的喷涂质量。运用决策树(classification and regression tree,CART)算法确定喷涂流量、喷漆房的温度、喷漆房相对湿度、机器人(2)和机器人(4)、漆的品牌是影响保险杠喷涂质量的较为关键的因素。结果表明,利用CART分类算法对喷涂质量数据进行分析能够实现对故障点的判别,对于提高保险杠喷涂质量具有借鉴意义。
Abstract
To enhance the qualified rate of bumper painting for forestry transportation vehicles, the coating quality data of bumpers from a certain company were selected for analysis. The coating quality data were analyzed by using a Pareto chart, and it was found that particles and orange peel were the main factors affecting the painting quality. The primary causes of particles and orange peel were analyzed from five aspects: personnel, machinery, materials, methods, and environment. Spearman's correlation coefficient was employed for feature extraction and importance analysis, revealing that factors such as the temperature and relative humidity in the paint spray booth(paint spray both temperature, relative humidity in paint spray booth), robot spray flow rate, rotary cup rotation speed, spray distance, spray speed, paint brand, and robot all influenced the bumper's painting quality. By applying the classfication and regression tree (CART) algorithm, it was determined that spray flow rate, temperature and relative humidity in the paint spray booth, robots 2 and 4, and paint brand were the more critical factors affecting the bumper's painting quality. The results indicated that the analysis of painting quality data using the CART classification algorithm could effectively identify fault points, providing valuable insights for improving the quality of bumper painting.
决策树算法的核心在于构造精度高、规模小的决策树[14]。采用Breiman提出的一种决策树生成算法——CART(classification and regression tree)算法,其基本思路就是将特征变量和目录变量组成的训练样本进行分析并不断循环,并将其分解为二叉树的形式[15]。基尼系数(Gini Index)是CART算法中的一个关键参数,决定最优检测变量和划分门限的关键。直观来说,基尼指数是从D组中选择2组不同类别的样本所得到的结果。样本D的基尼值Gini(D)的表达式为
本研究对训练结果进行测评,得到接收者操作特征曲线(Receiver Operating Characteristic,ROC)曲线图。ROC曲线是在机器学习中二分类问题常用的结果可视化方法,根据预测结果作为可能的判断阈值,其曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)作为预测精度的评估指标,取值范围[0,1]。AUC越大,即曲线越靠近左上角,说明模型性能越好[17]。
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