1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China
2.Jimo District Veterans Affairs Bureau,Qingdao 266200,China
Show less
文章历史+
Received
Accepted
Published
2024-10-22
Issue Date
2025-03-21
PDF (3036K)
摘要
为提高干形复杂树种材积无损估算的精度,利用地基激光雷达点云数据,构建基于人工蒙古栎最优削度模型的二元材积方程。以哈尔滨市城市林业示范基地的蒙古栎人工林为研究对象,使用地基激光雷达扫描获得完整点云数据,经过裁剪、高程归一化、滤波、单木分割和枝叶分离等处理提取树干结构参数。根据蒙古栎干形特征,选用6种削度方程模型(Biging(1984)、Amidon(1984)、孟宪宇(1982)、Kozak(2004)-Ⅱ、曾伟生等(1997)、Max and Burkhart(1976)),通过非线性回归拟合,筛选最优模型并构建削度-二元材积方程。研究结果表明,单木定位识别精度为95.22%,树高和胸径的提取值与实测值决定系数(R2)分别为0.97和0.98;最优削度模型拟合结果的决定系数(R2)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.99和0.38 cm。所构建的蒙古栎削度-二元材积方程与现有材积计算方法进行残差分析表明,其估算结果具备可靠性,可为利用地基激光雷达点云数据估算干形复杂的树种材积提供重要技术支持。
Abstract
To improve the accuracy of non-destructive estimation of volume of trees with complex trunk shapes, this study uses terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point cloud data and developes a taper-binary volume equation based on the optimal taper model for plantation Mongolian oak. The study was conducted in a Mongolian oak plantation located at the Urban Forestry Demonstration Base in Harbin. Complete point cloud data were collected via TLS, and tree trunk structural parameters were extracted after processes such as clipping, elevation normalization, filtering, individual tree segmentation, and leaf-branch separation. Based on the trunk shape characteristics of Mongolian oak, six taper equation models were tested (Biging(1984), Amidon(1984), Meng Xianyu(1982), Kozak(2004)-Ⅱ, Zeng Weisheng et al.(1997), Max and Burkhart(1976)), and the best-fitting model was selected through nonlinear regression to construct the taper-binary volume equation. Results showed that the accuracy of individual tree identification was 95.22%, with the coefficient of determination (R²) for extracted tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) being 0.97 and 0.98, respectively, when compared to field measurements. The optimal taper model achieved an R² of 0.99 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.38 cm. Residual analysis of the Mongolian oak taper-binary volume equation from this study with the existing volume equation showed the reliability of its estimation results. It can provide important technical support for estimating the volume of trees with complex trunk shapes using TLS point cloud data.
使用提取的林木参数,对实验样木胸径、树高及不同高度处的干径值进行建模,并通过R语言的非线性最小二乘法(nonlinear least squares,NLS)对6个备选削度方程进行非线性拟合,选出最优模型。根据实验样木选取原则,选取1/3的树木用于建模,2/3用于模型验证,表4列出了拟合得到的削度方程模型参数。
YUH Y, ZHENGJ, LUQ J,et al.Present situation and management suggestions of Quercus mongolica forest resources in Jiaohe city[J].Journal of Jilin Forestry Science and Technology,2023,52(4):39-42.
LIX, LIUW S, ZHOUW,et al.Analysis on community structure and dominant population point pattern of secondary forest of Quercus mongolica [J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2020,40(6):830-838.
[5]
程琳,朱彩红,孔艺菲,蒙古栎干形培育研究进展[J].防护林科技,2022(6):60-62.
[6]
CHENGL, ZHUC H, KONGY F,et al.Research progress in dry form cultivation of Quercus mongolica [J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2022(6):60-62.
YANGC S, GUANQ R, PEIZ C,et al.Preliminary study on the modulation of advanced standing timber volume tables for larch,black pine and Korean pine in artificial forests in Northeast China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1958,4(3):331-354.
[9]
曾伟生.我国主要树种二元立木材积表的检验[J].林业资源管理,2018(5):35-41.
[10]
ZENGW S.Validation of two-variable tree volume tables for main tree species in China[J].Forest Resources Management,2018(5):35-41.
[11]
MCTAGUEJ P, A.EvolutionWEISKITTEL,history,and use of stem taper equations :A review of their development,application,and implementation[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2021,51(2):210-235.
[12]
HUSSAINA, SHAHZADM K, HEP,et al.Stem taper equations for three major conifer species of Northeast China[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2020,35(8):562-576.
WANGH J, LANY.The taper equation and wood assortment outturn percentage table of Quercus mongolica in Jilin Province[J].Journal of Jilin Forestry Science and Technology,2016,45(4):25-29.
[15]
程琳,张小单,饶飞,蒙古栎干形变异性研究[J].林业科技,2022,47(4):21-25.
[16]
CHENGL, ZHANGX D, RAOF,et al.Study on variability of stem form of Quercus mongolica [J].Forestry Science & Technology,2022,47(4):21-25.
[17]
GAOS, ZHANGZ, CAOL.Individual tree structural parameter extraction and volume table creation based on near-field LiDAR data:A case study in a subtropical planted forest[J].Sensors,2021,21(23):8162.
[18]
BORNANDA, REHUSHN, MORSDORFF,et al.Individual tree volume estimation with terrestrial laser scanning:Evaluating reconstructive and allometric approaches[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2023,341:109654.
LIUM R, JIAW W.Building tree height,height to crown base and crown contact height model for Korean pine plantation based on terrestrial laser scanning data[J].Forest Engineering,2024,40(1):26-36.
[21]
AXELSSONP.Processing of laser scanner data-algorithms and applications[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,1999,54(2-3):138-147.
[22]
CABOC, ORDÓÑEZC, LÓPEZ-SÁNCHEZC A,et al.Automatic dendrometry:Tree detection,tree height and diameter estimation using terrestrial laser scanning[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2018,69:164-174.
[23]
HENNINGJ G, RADTKEP J.Detailed stem measurements of standing trees from ground-based scanning lidar[J].Forest Science,2006,52(1):67-80.
[24]
PANAGIOTIDISD, ABDOLLAHNEJADA, SLAVÍKM.Assessment of stem volume on plots using terrestrial laser scanner:A precision forestry application[J].Sensors,2021,21(1):301.
[25]
H‐GMAAS, BIENERTA, SCHELLERS,et al.Automatic forest inventory parameter determination from terrestrial laser scanner data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,29(5):1579-1593.
HUAW C, TIANJ R, SUNX Y,et al.Assessing the stem taper function and volume estimation of poplar (Populus) by terrestrial laser scanning[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2021,45(4):41-48.
CHENY C, HUANGX, ZHANGX P,et al.Study on the dumb variable taper equation of Cunninghamia lanceolata based on terrestrial laser scanning[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University (Natural Science),2024,44(4):157-165.
ZOUM S, SUNY M, LID D,et al.Construction of the taper equation of Larix olgensis plantations based on terrestrial laser scanning data[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2022,42(8):90-100.
ZHANGS Q, JIAW W, LID D.Construction of taper equation for Larix olgensis using local density factor based on TLS[J].Forest Engineering,2024,40(5):1-7.
[36]
ZHANGW, QIJ, WANP,et al.An easy-to-use airborne LiDAR data filtering method based on cloth simulation[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(6):501.
JIANGJ W, WENX R, GUH B,et al.Dynamic analysis of point cloud characteristic parameters and volume structure based on multi-station scan[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2019,43(6):83-90.
[39]
FISCHLERM A, BOLLESR C.Random sample consensus:A paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography[M]// Readings in Computer Vision.1987:726-740.
[40]
HUX, DUANG, ZHANGH.Modelling individual tree diameter growth of Quercus mongolica secondary forest in the Northeast of China[J].Sustainability,2021,13(8):4533.
[41]
BIGINGG S.Taper equations for second-growth mixed conifers of Northern California[J].Forest Science, 1984,30(4):1103-1117.
[42]
AMIDONE L.A general taper functional form to predict bole volume for five mixed-conifer species in California[J].Forest Science,1984,30(1):166-171.
MENGX Y.Studies of taper equations and the table of merchantable volumes[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition),1982,6(1):122-133.
[45]
KOZAKA.My last words on taper equations[J].The Forestry Chronicle,2004,80(4):507-515.
[46]
曾伟生,廖志云.削度方程的研究[J].林业科学,1997(2):32-37.
[47]
ZENGW S, LIAOZ Y.A study on taper equation[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1997(2):32-37.
LIUL W, RENJ N, LIUQ,et al.Compilation of volume table of Quercus mongolica in Quercus mongolica-Korean pine forest on the western slope of Changbai Mountain[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering,2009(6):28-29.
NIW J, GUOZ F, SUNG Q,et al.Research on extraction of tree structure parameters from terrestrial laser scanner data[J].Chinese High Technology Letters,2010,20(2):191-198.
CHENJ, SUNY, LIUC X,et al.Volume modeling and yield for Liriodendron tulipifera based on terrestrial laser scan data[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2023,45(6):33-42.
[57]
KOREŇM, MOKROŠM, BUCHAT.Accuracy of tree diameter estimation from terrestrial laser scanning by circle-fitting methods[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2017,63:122-128.
DINGZ W, XINGY Q, YINB Q,et al.Fusion of UAV and TLS LiDAR point cloud data for estimating individual tree structure parameters[J].Forest Engineering,2024,40(1):142-151.