1.School of Machinery and Transportation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China
2.Key Laboratory of Advanced Sensing and Intelligent Control for High End Equipment,Ministry of Education,Anhui University of Engineering,Wuhu 241000,China
3.School of Electrical Engineering,Anhui University of Engineering,Wuhu 241000,China
A method for identifying the number of wood cracks based on acoustic emission is proposed for wood crack distances. Firstly, four cracks of 1 mm×9 mm (length×height) are artificially made in sequence on the specimen, and an acousitic emission (AE) signal is generated on one side of the crack by folding the lead, and the sensor is placed on the other side with a signal sampling frequency set to 2 MHz.Then, the number of decomposition layers K and the penalty factor α of the variational modal decomposition (VMD) are determined by the particle swarm algorithm (PSO), and the original signals are decomposed into the intrinsic mode function (IMF) with different frequencies. tFive groups of signals are then randomly selected for VMD decomposition, and the matrix composed of the decomposed IMFs is subjected to singular value decomposition (SVD) to obtain the corresponding singular value vectors, and then the standard matrix is composed of the five groups of singular value vectors. Finally, from the measured AE signals, the Mahalanobis distance is calculated with the standard matrix, respectively, and the number of cracks is determined based on the principle of minimum discrimination. The results show that the AE signal features can be easily extracted by the PSO-VMD-SVD method and the number of cracks can be discriminated by calculating the Mahalanobis distance, and the correct rate of discrimination is 92%.
奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)是一种矩阵分解方法,奇异值分解是数学里常用的矩阵分解方法,由于其具有较好的理论基础,近年来在数据降维、噪声控制和信号处理等方面获得广泛的应用。矩阵的奇异值具有2个优点:1)矩阵的奇异值具有良好的稳定性,当矩阵中元素因外界干扰而产生较小变化时,奇异值变化同样较小;2)奇异值作为矩阵所固有的特征,能充分反映矩阵中所蕴含的信息。
BERTOLINC, DE FERRIL, BERTOF.Calibration method for monitoring hygro-mechanical reactions of pine and oak wood by acoustic emission nondestructive testing[J].Materials,2020,13(17):3775.
[2]
YANY, YANGZ, LIH,et al.A bibliometric analysis of research on acoustic emission for nondestructive testing[J].IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,2021,1167:012009.
FANGS Y, QIUR Z, LIM.Wood AE signal features based on improved EMD algorithm[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(23):292-298.
[5]
LIJ, LIH, WANGY,et al.Rapid discrimination of Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae using Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy[J].Analytical Letters,2020,53(11):1734-1739.
[6]
QING Z, FANGS Y, DENGT T,et al.Study on the dispersion characteristics of wood acoustic emission signal based on wavelet decomposition[J].Wood Research,2022,67(6):966-978.
[7]
ZHANGM, ZHANGQ, LIJ,et al.Classification of acoustic emission signals in wood damage and fracture process based on empirical mode decomposition,discrete wavelet transform methods,and selected features[J].Journal of Wood Science,2021,67(1):1-13.
ZHANGD, SUIW T, SONGR J,et al.Variational mode decomposition and its application in fault diagnosis for rolling element bearings[J].Machine Tool & Hydraulics,2019,47(17):212-215.
XIAOH L, KONGX T, WANGY,et al.Image watermarking algorithm based on improved singular value decomposition and Haar wavelet transform[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2024,1-9.
XINGZ K, LIUY B, HUOY X,et al.Bearing fault feature extraction based on SVD and SSA-VMD de-noising[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2022,37(9):178-187.
JIANGZ N, WEID H, ZHANGJ J,et al.A study on valve clearance anomaly feature extraction of diesel engines based on VMD and SVD[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2020,39(16):23-30.
LUOZ G, LIX D, ZHAOJ L,et al.Optimization of sheet metal deep draw forming lubricant formulation based on acoustic emission technique[J].Lubrication Engineering,2013,38(1):84-86.
WANGM H, DENGT T, JUS,et al.Effect of wood surface crack on acoustic emission signal propagation characteristics[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2020,48(10):82-88.
HUANGC L, LIM, FANGS Y,et al.Effects of wood crack size and distribution on the transverse wave characteristics of acoustic emission[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2023,38(1):190-198.
[22]
XUN, LIM, FANGS,et al.Research on the detection of the hole in wood based on acoustic emission frequency sweeping[J].Construction and Building Materials,2023,400:132761.
MAS L, CHENZ N, SHAOS A,et al.Detection method of wood crack based on acoustic emission multi-parameter coupling[J].Building Structure,2024,54(2):136-144.
[25]
YANGH, YUL.Feature extraction of wood-hole defects using wavelet-based ultrasonic testing[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2017,28(2):395-402.
HEL, WUH, LIS W,et al.Identification of urban rail transit DC power supply system short circuit transmission fault based on EMD singular value entropy[J].Urban Mass Transit,2021,24(9):88-93.
ZHAOL, WENG R, LIUZ C,et al.Transmission tower tilt state recognition based on parameter optimization of VMD-SVD and LSTM[J].Electric Power,2023,56(12):217-226,237.
[30]
LIY, YUS S, DAIL,et al.Acoustic emission signal source localization on plywood surface with cross-correlation method[J].Journal of Wood Science,2018,64(2):78-84.
JUS, LIX C, LUOT F,et al.Characteristics of acoustic emission signals on the surface of masson pine gulam with wavelet analysis method[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2018,46(8):84-90.
[33]
DRAGOMIRETSKIYK, ZOSSOD.Variational mode decomposition[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2014,62(3):531-544.
JIANGX X, SONGQ Y, DUG F,et al.Review on research and application of variational mode decomposition[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2023,44(1):55-73.
[36]
RICHMANJ S, MOORMANJ R.Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy[J].American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology,2000,278(6):H2039-H2049.