In recent years, biomass pyrolysis equipment has emerged as a focal point of research in the global energy sector. To tackle challenges such as uneven material heating and accumulation at the tail section commonly observed in fixed-bed pyrolysis systems, this study focuses on optimizing and analyzing the performance of spiral combined flights, a key component in fixed-bed reactors. A novel variable-pitch combined flights structure was designed, and its critical parameters were systematically determined. Using Altair EDEM simulations, the effects of rotational speed and equipment inclination angle on the discharge rate were evaluated, and the simulation outcomes were validated through experiments. Simulation results demonstrated that the variable-pitch combined flights structure effectively lifted materials and redirected tail-end accumulation towards the discharge outlet, enabling uniform heating and resolving the issue of particle buildup at the tail. Meanwhile, the inclination angle exerted a significantly stronger influence on the discharge rate, with a between-group to within-group mean square ratio of 240.00, far surpassing the ratio of 25.60 observed for rotational speed. Experimental results aligned closely with the simulations, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.998 7.
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