The School of Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
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文章历史+
Received
Accepted
Published
2025-02-24
Issue Date
2025-07-16
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摘要
为解决云南深纹核桃人工采收效率低、成本高且爬树作业危险系数大的问题,并对深纹核桃侧枝摇振采摘装备的设计提供理论基础,开展深纹核桃采摘振动参数研究。建立深纹核桃振动采摘动力学模型,分析深纹核桃采摘效果的主要影响因素;通过动静态脱落力试验,获取了深纹核桃振动采摘作业参数范围;设计多因素水平振动采摘试验,以确定深纹核桃侧枝摇振采摘装备的最佳参数组合。研究结果表明,影响深纹核桃脱落的主要因素由主到次依次为激振位置、振动频率、振幅。通过测量得出深纹核桃轴向脱落力范围为18.2~24.8 N,弯折力范围为4.0~61.4 N,惯性力范围为5.1~42.3 N,经分析得出弯折断裂为深纹核桃主要脱落形式;对回归模型进行优化分析,得出深纹核桃最佳参数组合为振动频率7 Hz,振幅92 mm,激振位置0.6 l (l为侧枝总长),此时,深纹核桃采净率能达到95.7%。
Abstract
To address the issues of low efficiency, high labor cost, and safety risks associated with manual harvesting of deep-striped walnuts in Yunnan, and to provide a theoretical basis for the design of deep-striped walnuts branch-shaking harvesting equipment, a study on the vibration parameters for deep-striped walnut harvesting was conducted. A dynamic model for vibration-based harvesting of deep-striped walnuts was established, and the primary factors affecting harvesting performance were analyzed. Through static and dynamic detachment force tests, the operational parameter range for deep-striped walnuts vibration harvesting was determined. A multi-factor horizontal vibration experiment was designed to identify the optimal parameter combination for the branch-shaking harvesting device.The results showed that the primary factors affecting deep-striped walnut detachment, in descending order of influence, were excitation position, vibration frequency, and amplitude. Measurements indicated that the axial detachment force ranged from 18.2 to 24.8 N, the bending force from 4.0 to 61.4 N, and the inertial force from 5.1 to 42.3 N. Analysis revealed that bending fracture was the main detachment mode. Optimization analysis of the regression model yielded the optimal parameter combination: vibration frequency of 7 Hz, amplitude of 92 mm, and excitation position at 0.6 l (where l was the total length of the lateral branch), under which the harvesting efficiency of deep-striped walnuts reached 95.7%.
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