Salix integra is an valuable raw material in the wickerwork industry with high economic value. However, when Salix integra is stored for extended periods, it often experiences splitting during weaving, which negatively affects production efficiency and resource utilization. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weights ranging from 600 to 6000 were used as modifiers to soften Salix integra through a vacuum impregnation process at a concentration of 20%. The effects of different PEG molecular weights on the physical and mechanical properties, chemical structure, micro morphology, and thermal stability of Salix integra were analyzed. The results demonstrated that vacuum impregnation PEG modification significantly improved the bending properties of Salix integra, with the most notable effect observed for the lower molecular weight PEG. After treatment with PEG600, the weight percentage rate and density of the Salix integra increased substantially, while its rigidity decreased and flexibility was markedly enhanced. Notably, the material exhibited exceptional resistance to splitting, as no breakage occurred even when the bending strain exceeded three times that of untreated Salix integra. This improved performance was attributed to the more effective penetration of lower molecular weight PEG into the Salix integra, which formed additional hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups in cellulose fibers, thereby enhancing the bending properties of Salix integra. Furthermore, PEG modification also enhanced the thermal stability of Salix integra. In conclusion, PEG600 was the most effective modifier for softening Salix integra. This method can provide superior performance support for the utilization of Salix integra in wickerwork and other applications.
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