超声引导定位下椎管内麻醉对妊娠期高血压综合征伴肥胖症剖宫产孕妇的麻醉效果分析
王红红 , 王亚娟 , 安晶 , 宋唯唯 , 李克用
河北医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3) : 276 -282.
超声引导定位下椎管内麻醉对妊娠期高血压综合征伴肥胖症剖宫产孕妇的麻醉效果分析
Analysis of the anesthetic effect of ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia on pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy complicated with obesity undergoing cesarean section
目的 探讨超声引导定位下椎管内麻醉对妊娠期高血压综合征伴肥胖症剖宫产孕妇的麻醉效果。 方法 回顾2024年1月—2025年8月河北省保定市妇幼保健院收治的妊娠期高血压综合征伴肥胖症孕妇83例的相关资料。所有孕妇均在院时进行椎管内麻醉剖宫产分娩,按照不同的麻醉穿刺方法进行分组,对照组40例,采用传统体表标志定位穿刺;观察组43例,采用超声引导定位;对比2组麻醉穿刺情况、穿刺时间、麻醉效果、术中体征、应激反应、并发症等。 结果 观察组的一次穿刺成功率93.02%高于对照组的62.50%,并发症发生率2.33%低于对照组的20.00%(P<0.05)。观察组麻醉穿刺前的定位时间、硬膜外腔与蛛网膜下腔的穿刺时间、硬膜外导管置入时间均短于对照组,麻醉整体效果水平优于对照组(P<0.05)。随手术时间的推移,2组心率均先增快后缓慢,收缩压、舒张压均先降低后升高,观察组指标波动比对照组缓和,2组组间、时点间、组间·时点间交互作用比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组手术结束12 h时应激指标低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组新生儿出生后不同时间点的Apgar评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 超声引导定位下椎管内麻醉用于妊娠期高血压综合征伴肥胖症剖宫产孕妇,可提高麻醉穿刺一次性成功率,减少并发症的发生,改善麻醉效果,安全性较高,值得应用。
Objective To investigate the anesthetic effect of ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia on pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and obesity undergoing cesarean section. Methods The relevant data of 83 pregnant women with HDP and obesity who were admitted to Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hebei Province, from January 2024 to August 2025. All pregnant women underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia during their hospital stay, and were grouped according to different anesthesia puncture methods. The control group (n=40) underwent traditional surface landmark-guided puncture, while the observation group (n=43) underwent ultrasound-guided puncture. The anesthesia puncture conditions, puncture duration, anesthetica effects, intraoperative signs, stress response, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The observation group had a higher success rate of puncture at 93.02% compared with the control group (62.50%), and a lower complication rate at 2.33% compared with the control group (20.00%) (P<0.05). The observation group had shorter localization time before anesthesia puncture, puncture duration in the epidural and subarachnoid space, and time to epidural catheter placement compared with the control group, and the overall level of anesthetic effect was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). As the surgery progressed, the heart rate in both groups increased initially and then decreased, while the systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased initially and then increased; the fluctuations in indicators in the observation group were milder than those in the control group, and the differences in interaction between groups, time points, and between group and time points were statistically significant (P<0.05). The stress indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 12 h after the end of surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Apgar scores at different time points after birth between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia for pregnant women with HDP and obesity undergoing cesarean section can improve the one-time success rate of anesthesia puncture, reduce the occurrence of complications, improve anesthesia efficacy, and has high safety. Therefore, it is worthy of application.
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