1.School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
2.Research Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2023-04-03
2024-01-01
Issue Date
2026-04-15
PDF (854K)
摘要
为深入研究食品工业企业信息责任(Corporate information responsibility, CIR)、履责行为及影响行为的主要因素,基于文献研究与中国实际界定了CIR的概念,并通过对广西462家食品工业企业的调查数据,采用Multivariate Probit回归模型与Binary Logit回归模型稳健性检验研究了企业履责行为与影响行为的主要因素。结果表明,法律规章约束程度、履责成本与企业履责行为相关,且不同行为间具有一定的替代或互补关系。此外,企业决策者年龄与规模、消费者对食品安全信息的需求程度、外部监管力度、政策激励程度、信息技术成熟度与基础设施的便捷性均与企业履责行为相关。由此,提出完善法律规章体系、保持常态化的外部监管力度、有效发挥政策激励效应与提供充足便捷的信息基础设施的政策建议。
Abstract
In order to investigate the corporate information responsibility (CIR), the CIR behavior and the main factors influencing the behaviors in the food industry. This study defines CIR based on literature research and the reality of China. Based on data from a survey of 462 food industry enterprises in Guangxi, the CIR behaviors and main influencing factors are investigated using multivariate Probit regression. A robustness check is also performed using the binary Logit model. The results reveal that:The legal and regulatory requirements and cost of performing CIR are related to the CIR behaviors, and there is a substitute or complementary relationship between the CIR behaviors. The enterprise size, age of decision makers, consumer demand for food safety information, external regulation, policy incentives, information technology maturity and infrastructure convenience are related to the CIR behaviors. Therefore, the study puts forward some policy suggestions to improve the system of laws and regulations, maintain the normal external supervision, effectively exert the policy incentive effect and provide sufficient and convenient information infrastructure.
虽然引发食品安全问题的原因十分复杂,但内在的主要根源始终不变的是政府、市场、社会等多元主体间的信息不对称[2],不仅导致政府与市场治理的共同失灵,且增加了生产经营者为获得更多的经济利益而采取机会主义行为的可能性,使消费者面临更为严峻的食品安全问题[3]。为此,建立有效化解信息不对称的机制就成为治理食品安全风险的基本手段[4]。食品生产加工与制造企业(以下简称食品工业企业或工业企业或企业)既与原材料生产供应环节相衔接,又与食品储存、流通运输、消费等环节紧密相联,掌握着最多且最为消费者所关注的食品安全信息,故督促与激励其依据规范要求履行企业信息责任(Corporate information responsibility, CIR),科学生产与规范储存、有效传递食品安全信息就成为建立化解信息不对称机制的重要内容[5]。食品安全信息的科学生产主要是指企业依照统一规范真实地收集所使用的原材料、添加剂、生产配方、成品与半成品质量检验、生产批次、不合格食品处置、食品贮存方式等多种信息[6],信息的规范储存是指企业依照统一标准严格分类且集成、保存与动态地更新企业所生产的信息[7],而信息的有效传递是指企业依照统一程序及时、充分且真实地传递生产与储存的信息,以保障所有利益相关者了解食品安全状况[8]。这些依据法律规章而形成的统一规范、标准、程序就构成了企业在信息生产、储存、传递时必须秉持的准则。正由于工业企业是食品安全信息的主要源头,包括中国在内的世界上诸多国家致力于通过建立健全法律的方式明确规定企业应该履行的信息责任。
虽然目前尚没有完整地界定CIR这一概念,但企业社会责任(Corporate social responsibility, CSR)则为人们所熟知。古典经济学理论认为,如果企业能提供为社会所需要的产品和服务,并实现市场销售与获得相应的经济收益,企业就履行了自己的社会责任[21]。在早期的研究中,学术界认为企业责任具有道德的含义,企业应承担相应的社会义务[22]。之后,Smith等[23]、Jiang等[24]陆续研究了CSR与社会进步、经济发展之间的关系。然而,人们认识到,不同历史环境下CSR的内涵各不相同,对CSR的概念作出为人们所普遍接受的界定是困难的[25]。
现代信息技术与数字经济的发展改变了企业生产管理方式,推进了生产管理过程中信息数据生产与储存的自动化,企业信息化水平逐步提高,也带动了社会治理方式的变革[26]。由此,企业数字责任(Corporate digital responsibility, CDR)引起了学者们的广泛关注。CDR是数字经济时代CSR的延伸,企业应承担具有数字化的道德责任与遵守标准规范保护数据隐私和知识产权等责任[27]。Lobschat等[28]将数字责任定义为企业应该具有数据生产、保存、管理等操作规范。总之,CDR伴随着数字技术的发展而逐步形成,不仅是CSR的拓展,更赋予了CSR数字化的内涵。
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