鸡RUNX3基因组织表达及生物信息学分析

杜文苹 ,  曹然然 ,  胡晓玉 ,  张晨曦 ,  许春红 ,  杨岚 ,  雷艳茹 ,  康相涛 ,  李文婷

中国农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3) : 125 -133.

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中国农业大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3) : 125 -133. DOI: 10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.03.11

鸡RUNX3基因组织表达及生物信息学分析

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Tissue expression and bioinformatics analysis of the chicken RUNX3 gene

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摘要

为探究Runt相关转录因子3 ( Runt-related transcription factors 3,RUNX3 ) 基因潜在功能,本研究利用实时荧光定量技术(Quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR)检测鸡RUNX3基因在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、腿肌和十二指肠组织中的表达,通过生物信息学软件构建RUNX3基因的系统进化树,并对该基因所编码的蛋白质理化性质和结构功能进行分析。结果表明:1)鸡RUNX3基因在脾脏和十二指肠表达量较高,显著高于其他组织(P<0.05)。2)核苷酸序列的系统进化分析表明,鸡RUNX3与火鸡的亲缘关系最近,保守性较高。3)理化性质分析显示,鸡RUNX3基因编码蛋白属于稳定、亲水性蛋白;结构域预测发现,该蛋白不存在跨膜结构,含有2个保守结构域,二级结构和三级结构主要由无规卷曲组成,预测含有58个磷酸化位点,31个丝氨酸位点、23个苏氨酸位点和4个酪氨酸位点。4)蛋白互作预测发现,RUNX3与SMAD3、CBFB、GATA3、EP300、SMAD2、CTNNB1等蛋白之间有较强互作关系。综上,鸡RUNX3在脾脏和十二指肠中高表达,其核苷酸序列在禽类中具有高度保守性,RUNX3蛋白属于稳定、亲水性的不跨膜蛋白,RUNX3与SMAD3、CBFB、GATA3等蛋白之间有较强互作关系,本研究为进一步探究鸡RUNX3在分子水平的作用机制提供理论依据。

Abstract

To investigate the potential functions of the Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) gene, this study utilized quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of the chicken RUNX3 gene in the heart, liver, spleen, leg and duodenum tissues. The evolutionary tree of the RUNX3 gene was constructed using bioinformatics software, and the physicochemical properties and structural functions of the encoded protein were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The expression level of the chicken RUNX3 gene was significantly higher in the spleen and duodenum compared to other tissues (P<0.05). 2) Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences showed that chicken RUNX3 was most closely related to turkey and highly conserved. 3) Physicochemical property analysis showed that chicken RUNX3 gene-encoded protein was a stable and hydrophilic protein. Structural domain prediction revealed that the protein did not have a transmembrane structure, contained two conserved structural domains, and the secondary and tertiary structure mainly consisted of random curls, and was predicted to contain 58 phosphorylation sites, 31 serine sites, 23 threonine sites, and 4 tyrosine sites. 4) Protein interactions prediction revealed that RUNX3 was associated with SMAD3, CBFB, GATA3, EP300, SMAD2, CTNNB1 and other proteins. In conclusion, chicken RUNX3 was highly expressed in spleen and duodenum, its nucleotide sequence was highly conserved in avian species, RUNX3 protein was a stable, hydrophilic, non-transmembrane protein, and there was a strong interaction between RUNX3 and proteins such as SMAD3, CBFB, and GATA3, etc. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the mechanism of action of chicken RUNX3 at molecular level.

Graphical abstract

关键词

鸡 / RUNX3基因 / 组织表达谱 / 生物信息学分析

Key words

chicken / RUNX3 gene / tissue expression profile / bioinformatics analysis

引用本文

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杜文苹,曹然然,胡晓玉,张晨曦,许春红,杨岚,雷艳茹,康相涛,李文婷. 鸡RUNX3基因组织表达及生物信息学分析[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2024, 29(3): 125-133 DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.03.11

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Runt相关转录因子3(Runt-related transcription factor 3,RUNX3),属于RUNX相关转录因子家族,主要表达于消化道组织的上皮细胞[1]。RUNX转录因子家族包括RUNX1、RUNX2和RUNX3。研究表明,RUNX1转录因子可能会调控GHR基因的转录活性,从而调控牦牛生长发育[2],RUNX1等基因能抑制鸡胚雌激素合成限速酶 CYP19A1启动子活性,进而影响鸡胚雌激素的合成[3]。RUNX2和肌细胞增强因子2C(MEF2C)被认为是调控肉鸡骨骼发育的转录因子[4],RUNX1/2/3 是诱导鸡主要与肥大和终末软骨细胞发育有关基因表达的转录因子[5]。综上,RUNX1和RUNX2在畜禽生长发育领域发挥不同作用,而关于RUNX3功能研究较少。目前多项研究表明RUNX3在人类肠胃器官发育中发挥重要的调控作用。研究发现,RUNX3不仅参与细胞增殖、生长和凋亡,还参与信号转导。RUNX3作为重要的转录因子能够促进转化生长因子-β(Transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)信号通路的激活和Wnt信号通路的抑制,而这些通路的异常转导在结直肠癌的发生、发展中发挥关键作用[6-7]。RUNX3 是TGF-β信号通路中的关键转录因子,缺失 RUNX3直接导致TGF-β信号通路失活,使得原本TGF-β信号转导在细胞生长、分化和调亡的作用瞬间失活,严重影响消化道上皮细胞正常更新代谢[8-10]。多项研究均证实60%以上小肠癌、结肠癌等癌症患者消化道上皮细胞异常增生同时表现出 RUNX3基因表达量降低和TGF-β 信号通路异常[11-14]。TGF-β信号通路也是维持胃肠道系统上皮细胞稳态的关键通路,TGF-β敲除小鼠表现出肠道炎症 IBD(Inflammation bowel disease)[15],与IGF2BP1 敲除鼠引起的肠道 IBD症状相似[16]。有研究使用特定的CRISPR/Cas9 系统构建RUNX3敲除细胞系,通过体细胞核移植产生RUNX3基因敲除仔猪[17]。而关于RUNX3在鸡上的表达模式和功能研究,尚未见研究报道,因此本研究通过检测鸡RUNX3基因在不同组织中的表达规律,并对其蛋白功能进行预测分析,为进一步探究RUNX3基因在鸡组织中如何发挥功能奠定理论基础。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

本研究以河南农业大学家禽种质资源场保存的豫农M系肉鸡为试验材料,随机挑选12只鸡(公母各6只),采集其心脏、肝脏、脾脏、腿肌和十二指肠,迅速置于液氮中冷冻,并保存于液氮中备用。TrizolTM Reagent 试剂、2× ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix、反转录试剂盒(南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司); qRT-PCR仪(LightCycler96,10520,瑞士Roche公司);分光光度计(NanoDrop 2000,美国Thermo公司)。

1.2 引物设计与合成

根据 NCBI(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)上鸡RUNX3的参考基因序列(XM_040690147.2),使用 Primer-BLAST 在线网址(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/index.cgi?LINK_ LOC=BlastHome)设计用于定量的特异性引物(表1)。引物设计完成后送擎科生物技术有限公司合成。

1.3 总RNA提取及反转录

根据Trizol法[18]提取组织的总RNA,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA完整性,使用NanoDrop 2000分光光度计测定其浓度,并按照反转录试剂盒说明书进行反转得到cDNA,置于-20 ℃冰箱保存,用于后续试验。

1.4 鸡RUNX3基因组织表达分析

以鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、腿肌和十二指肠组织的cDNA为模板,选择GAPDH为内参基因,分析鸡RUNX3在各个组织的表达。qRT-PCR反应体系:2× ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix 5 μL,上、下游引物各0.5 μL,cDNA 1 μL,无RNA酶水3 μL,反应程序为:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,40个循环;延伸温度95 ℃ 10 s,65 ℃ 60 s,97 ℃ 1 s,1个循环;37 ℃ 30 s。每个待测样本包含3个生物学重复。

1.5 鸡RUNX3基因生物信息学分析

利用生物信息学软件及在线网站对鸡RUNX3基因进行分析,主要包含不同物种的RUNX3核苷酸序列分析、蛋白理化参数分析、蛋白结构及功能预测、磷酸化位点预测和蛋白互作分析(表2)。

1.6 定量数据统计分析

qRT-PCR结果使用2-△△Ct方法分析,用SPSS 26软件进行数据分析,采用单因素方差分析方法进行差异显著性检验。其中,P<0.05表示差异显著,P>0.05表示差异不显著。数值表示为平均数±标准差,使用GraphPad Prism8.0软件作图。

2 结果与分析

2.1 鸡RUNX3基因组织表达分析

结果表明,鸡RUNX3基因在各个组织中均有表达,在脾脏和十二指肠表达量较高,其次是肝脏、心脏和腿肌(图1)。

2.2 鸡RUNX3基因同源性分析及进化树构建

鸡RUNX3基因核苷酸序列与不同物种进化分析结果表明(图2),鸡RUNX3基因在进化过程中与火鸡亲缘关系最近,相似性达到99%。

2.3 鸡RUNX3蛋白理化性质分析

鸡RUNX3基因编码蛋白理化性质分析结果表明,其分子式为C1962H3042N576O619S18,包含6 217个原子,相对分子质量为45 180.31 u,理论等电点(pI)为9.38,含有23种氨基酸(表3)。其中,丙氨酸(Ala)含量最高(7.7%),色氨酸含量最低(0.5%)。氨基酸不稳定性指数为 42.31,表明该蛋白为不稳定蛋白。

2.4 鸡RUNX3蛋白结构预测分析

亲水性和疏水性分析结果显示,RUNX3蛋白疏水性最大值为2.056,最小值为-3.744,总平均疏水性参数为-0.546(图3(a))。综合推测RUNX3蛋白为亲水性蛋白。跨膜结构分析表明,该蛋白没有跨膜结构(图3(b)。蛋白的二级结构预测显示,RUNX3蛋白的二级结构共有α螺旋(Alphahelix,Hh)70个;β折叠有(Extendedstrand,Ee)57个;β转角(Beta turn)15个;无规则卷曲(Random coil)275个,分别占整个二级结构的16.79%、13.67%、3.60%和65.95%,二级结构以无规则卷曲为主(图3(c))。三级结构预测表明,无规卷曲为鸡RUNX3蛋白结构的主要组成(图3(d)),与二级结构预测结果一致。

2.5 鸡RUNX3蛋白质磷酸化位点预测

通过使用Net phos 3.1在线软件对RUNX3蛋白进行磷酸化点位预测。此结果表明,RUNX3共有58个磷酸化位点,其中包括31个丝氨酸(Serine)位点、23个苏氨酸(Threonine)位点和4个酪氨酸(Tyrosine)位点(图4)。

2.6 鸡RUNX3互作蛋白分析

蛋白质的保守结构域预测结果表明,RUNX3蛋白含有1个Runt相关转录因子家族(Runt super family)结构域和1个Runt相关转录因子1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1,RUNX1)结构域(图5)。STRING预测分析与RUNX3基因编码蛋白的互作蛋白(图6),主要有SMAD3(Mothers against decapentaplecic homolog 3)、CBFB(Core-binding factor beta subunit)、GATA3(Gata-binding protein 3)、EP300(E1A binding protein p300)、SMAD2(Mothers against decapentaplecic homolog 2)、CTNNB1(Catenin beta 1)和BRD2(Bromodomain-containing protein 2)等。

3 讨论

RUNX3基因在肠胃器官发育中发挥重要的调控作用,先前的研究多集中在消化道肿瘤中的功能。有研究表明RUNX3通过负调节HER2,下调VEGF抑制新血管生成,并且降低胃肠道肿瘤侵袭能力[19]。另一项研究表明,RUNX3能抑制人直肠癌细胞HT-29的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,其具体机制是通过降低MMP-2和MMP-9的表达,抑制结肠癌细胞的侵袭和转移[20]。有研究使用特定的 CRISPR/Cas9技术构建RUNX3敲除细胞系,通过体细胞核移植产生RUNX3基因敲除仔猪[17]。而关于RUNX3在鸡上的表达模式和功能研究,尚未见研究报道。本研究以鸡为研究对象,通过构建RUNX3组织表达谱,发现RUNX3在鸡的脾脏、肝脏、心脏、腿肌和十二指肠组织中的表达有不同程度的差异,其中在脾脏和十二指肠组织中特异性高表达。有研究证明,RUNX3在免疫系统的发育、分化和维持中至关重要[21-23]。研究表明,RUNX3在人和小鼠的肠胃器官中高表达[24],这与本研究中RUNX3基因的表达结果一致。

本研究利用在线软件分别对鸡RUNX3蛋白的理化性质、跨膜结构、亲/疏水性、二级结构和三级结构进行分析,RUNX3蛋白编码72个氨基酸,预测该蛋白为亲水蛋白,不含跨膜结构,表明该蛋白不属于跨膜蛋白。不同物种间的核苷酸序列比对分析发现该基因与火鸡亲缘关系最近,符合生物进化特征。RUNX3蛋白是一种转录因子,有研究表明RUNX3可与许多增强子和启动子的核心位点5'-PYG PYG GT-3'进行结合,从而能抑制或促进基因的转录水平[25-26]。RUNX3 可以与β-连环蛋白[27-28](WNT途径的关键效应物)和转录因子4(Transcription factor 4,TCF4)结合形成复合物,以抑制β-连环蛋白、TCF4与靶 DNA进行结合,从而可以削弱靶基因的转录[29]。RUNX3 N末端主要由高度保守的Runt同源结构域(RHD)[30]组成,它是RUNX家族的特征结构,参与DNA的直接转录调控过程,这与本研究对RUNX3的结构域预测分析一致。STRING预测发现,RUNX3与SMAD3、CBFB、GATA3、EP300、SMAD2、CTNNB1等蛋白之间有互作关系。已有研究报道,RUNX3可以直接和TGF-β的效应分子SMAD[31-32]家族成员3(SMAD family member 3,SMAD3)进行结合,参与细胞生长分化过程[33],这与本研究对RUNX3互作蛋白的预测分析吻合。有研究报道,TGF-β信号通路也是维持胃肠道系统上皮细胞稳态的关键通路,TGF-β 敲除小鼠会表现出肠道炎症(IBD)[15]。RUNX3的异常表达通常会使SMAD家族蛋白功能受限,促使TGF-β进行信号转导,从而导致肿瘤的病变[34-35]。通常RUNX3高度甲基化、基因缺失或RUNX3蛋白的细胞质分解都会导致该基因的彻底失活,而RUNX3蛋白从细胞核到细胞质间的定位差错也会致使RUNX3失活[33],这就使得RUNX3基因在家禽中成为一种假定的可促进代谢因子,在黏附[36]、侵袭[37]、凋亡[38]、转移[39]和血管生成[40]中发挥不同程度的作用。

4 结论

本研究成功构建鸡RUNX3基因的组织表达谱,其在脾脏和十二指肠中高表达。该基因具有高度保守性,与火鸡的亲缘关系最近。RUNX3蛋白二级结构和三级结构均以无规则卷曲为主。RUNX3与SMAD3、CBFB、GATA3、EP300、SMAD2、CTNNB1等蛋白之间有较强的互作关系。本研究为进一步研究鸡RUNX3基因功能提供重要参考。

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基金资助

河南省优秀青年科学基金项目(232300421034)

神农种业实验室一流课题(SN01-2022-05)

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