The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different mixing ratios of legume forage and whole plant maize on the improvement of mixed silage feeding value. In this study, two legume grasses ('Fendoumulv 2' and Dolichos lablab) were used as the main factors, and the mixing ratio of legume forage and whole plant maize as control group (90% whole plant maize +10% legume forage; 80% whole plant maize+20% leguminous forage; 70% whole plant maize +30% leguminous forage; 100% legume grass) as a secondary factor, 100% whole plant maize silage (CK),with a total of 9 mixed storage treatments and 3 replicates The nutritional quality, fermentation quality, rumen fermentation parameters, in vitro dry matter degradation rate and gas production of mixed silage were determined after fermentation. The results showed that: 1) In terms of nutritional quality, the dry matter of 100% 'Fendoumulv 2' silage was the lowest in all treatments, and the contents of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein were the highest in all treatments. The crude fat of Dolichos lablab silage was significantly higher than that of 'Fendoumulv 2'(P<0.05). The NDF, ADF and CP of 100% whole plant maize silage were the lowest in all treatments and its EE was the highest in all treatments. 2) In terms of fermentation quality, the pH and ammonia nitrogen of 100% 'Fendoumulv 2' silage were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P<0.05).The acetic acid of 100% Dolichos lablab silage was the lowest in all treatments. The pH and AN of 100% whole plant maize silage were significantly lower than those of other proportions(P<0.05), and its AA was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05). 3) In terms of rumen fermentation parameters, the AN, AA, propionic acid and dry matter degradation rate in body in rumen fermentation of 90% whole plant maize+10% 'Fendoumulv 2' were the highest in all treatments. The dry matter degradation rate of Dolichos lablab mixed silage was significantly higher than that of 'Fendoumulv 2'. The pH of 100% leguminous forage mixed silage was the highest in all treatments in rumen fermentation(P<0.05), and its acetic acid and dry matter the degradation rate in body were the lowest in all treatments. 4) In terms of dry matter degradation rate and gas production of vitro, since 48 h, the dry matter degradation rate in vitro of 70% whole plant maize +30% 'Fendoumulv 2' mixed silage has been higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05). The gas production in vitro of 'Fendoumulv 2' mixed silage was higher than that of Dolichos lablab mixed silage. Increasing the mixing ratio of leguminous forage can significantly reduce the gas production at 72 h(P<0.05) . In conclusion, compared with whole plant maize silage, a certain proportion of mixed silage is more beneficial to improve the nutritional quality of mixed silage, improve the fermentation quality of mixed silage, promote the digestion and absorption of mixed silage, and reduce the greenhouse effect of animal husbandry. The mixing model of 70% whole plant maize +30% 'Fendoumulv 2' is recommended, which can provide data support for the next step to promote the mixing technology and belt rotation technology of plant maize-legume forage in the sickle curvature area in northwest of Shanxi Province.
YinJ J, GuoQ R, GuoF Q, ZhangX J, WangL. Character evaluation and selection of silage maize varieties in high cold region of the northern Shanxi Province[J]. Seed, 2020, 39,(12): 138-141 (in Chinese)
GuoQ R, WangM F, GuoF Q, YinJ J, ZhangX J, WangL. Comprehensive evaluation of grain and forage maize varieties in high latitude and cold area of Shanxi Province[J]. Crops, 2019 (4): 61-68 (in Chinese)
[5]
KhanN A, YuP Q, AliM, ConeJ W, HendriksW H. Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2015, 95(2):238-252
MaY L, GuoJ P, ZhaoJ F. Spatial distribution of crop climatic potential productivity and its response to climate change in agro-pastural ecotone in northern Shanxi Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2019, 38(3): 818-827 (in Chinese)
[10]
SiQ, WangZ J, LiuW, LiuM J, GeG T, JiaY S, DuS. Influence of cellulase or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the ensiling performance and bacterial community in mixed silage of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis [J]. Microorganisms, 2023, 11(2): 426
ZhengL F, RenH Y, WangH L, WangZ L. Effects of mixed ensiling on nutritional 1uality of whole plant maize silage[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023, 35(8): 4827-4839 (in Chinese)
SaR L. Effects of lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and microbial diversity of whole corn-soybean silage [D]. Tongliao: Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, 2023 (in Chinese)
[15]
靳超戈. 不同添加剂对玉米和苜蓿混合青贮效果的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2021
[16]
JinC G. Effect of different additives on mixed silage of corn and alfalfa[D]. Yangling: College Of Northwest A&F University, 2021 (in Chinese)
[17]
Contreras-GoveaF E, MuckR E, ArmstrongK L, AlbrechtK A. Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with climbing beans[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009, 150(1/2): 1-8.
[18]
MupangwaJ F, NgongoniN, ToppsJ, HamudikuwandaH. Effects of supplementing a basal diet of Chloris gayana hay with one of three protein-rich legume Hays of Cassia rotundifolia, Lablab purpureus and Macroptilium atropurpureum forage on some nutritional parameters in goats [J]. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2000, 32(4): 245-256
ShiH L, WangL Q, XiL Q, LiuH, LiuM H, JingC M, MaC H. Rumen rermentation characteristics of vitro gas production of alfalfa silage and corn silage combination effect[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 50(7): 1353-1359 (in Chinese)
[23]
喻佳媛. 拉巴豆与几种禾草混合青贮效果的研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学, 2015
[24]
YuJ Y. Studies on mixed silage of Dolichos Lablab with different gramineae[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2015 (in Chinese)
LiuQ, FuP, YaoM J, GaoF Q, LiuX B, SunQ Z. Study on the silage quality of mixture of corn and croton[J]. Sichuan Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 2015, 42(5): 21-23 (in Chinese)
YangD S, WangS P, HeX Q, LiH Q, TangS X, LuQ, FanD K, YangX. Effect of harvest time on silage quality and in vitro fermentation characteristics of silage maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2019, 50(11): 2264-2272 (in Chinese)
ZhangD D, ChengJ, JinG, LiB, WangD C, SunR F, XuF, LiangY, ZhangY Q. Evaluation on the nutrient composition of distillers’grains and vinegar grains and its rumen degradation [J]. China Feed, 2021 (9): 118-123 (in Chinese)
ZhangY Q, JinG, WangD C, LiB, XuF, ChengJ, ZhangD D. Evaluation on feeding values of 5 kinds of whole plant corn silage by in vitro gas production and nylon bag methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(12): 5682-5687 (in Chinese)
LiX L, ZhangX Y, TangY G, HeF, ZhangJ Z. Effect of concentrate forage ratio in diet on liveweight gain of stall fed goats[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008, 17(2): 85-91 (in Chinese)
DuanY Z, ShangZ D, TanZ K, ZhangH Y, LiuS Z. Effects of mixed silage on fermentation quality and degradation in vitro of corn and pea in tibet[J]. Feed Industry, 2022, 43(6): 39-44 (in Chinese)
LiangX Y, JiY, YiJ, FuM Z, HuY B. Effects of mixing ratio and additives on ensilage efficiency of mixed chicory and silage maize[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(2): 173-181 (in Chinese)
[43]
OwensF N, BergenW G. Nitrogen metabolism of ruminant animals:historical perspective, current under-standing and future implications [J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1983, 57(S2): 498-518
DongZ X, HeR H, KuangJ Y, NieC, YangJ, GouW L, MaX. Effects of intercropping Dolichos lablab with silage maize on the yield and quality of mixed forage in the Chengdu Plain, China[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2021, 38(8): 1587-1595 (in Chinese)