In order to clarify the effect and mechanism of digital economy development on rural residents’ well-being, this study empirically analyzes the relationship between digital economy development and rural residents’ well-being on the basis of constructing digital economy development index and rural residents’ well-being index. The results show that: 1) Digital economy can significantly improve rural residents’ well-being by 0.074 units, which is still valid after endogenous processing and a series of robustness tests. 2) Digital economy can enhance rural residents’ well-being by promoting agricultural production efficiency, increasing employment opportunities and facilitating public service provision. 3) The impact of the digital economy on the well-being varies across different groups of rural residents with a greater improvement particularly for rural residents with lower educational attainment and higher ages. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of digital infrastructure in rural areas, improve the digital technology application capabilities of vulnerable groups such as middle-aged and elderly individuals and those with lower human capital, and facilitate the integration of various digital services into the rural residents’ daily life. This study provides valuable references for improving rural residents’ well-being.
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