The aims of this study were to fully understand the motivations and willingness of farmers to participate in organic agriculture, and explore the driving factors that effectively encourage farmers to transition to organic farming. Based on the micro-survey data of 816 farmers, a double-hurdle model from the Yangxian Crested Ibis habitat, which is typical for both ecological protection and ecological development, was taken as study object. The core driving forces of farmers’ participation in organic agriculture were investigated from three perspectives: Economic benefits, policy incentives, and ecological awareness. The results show that: 1) The economic returns have a significant positive effect on farmers’ participation in organic agriculture, while operating costs and income fluctuations have a non-significant effect on both the behavior and the degree of farmers’ participation in organic; 2) The subsidy policies have a significant positive effect on both the behavior and the degree of farmers’ participation in organic agriculture, and the guiding policies have a significant positive effect only on the participation behavior of farmers but have a non-significant effect on the degree of farmers’ participation, whereas constraint policy has a significant negative effect on both the behavior and degree of farmers’ participation in organic agriculture; 3) Farmers’ ecological awareness has a significant positive effect on both the behavior and degree of farmers’ participation in organic agriculture; 4) In terms of the interaction effect, policy incentives can enhance the pull of economic returns on farmers’ participation in the forms of subsidies, guidance, constraints etc., which can effectively alleviate the farmers’ fear and risk concerns.
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