To explore the protective effect of agricultural insurance on farmers' grain income, an empirical analysis was conducted based on 1 546 household survey data from Shandong Province and Liaoning Province, and propensity score matching, instrumental variable method, and IV-Tobit methods were used. The results show that the agricultural insurance has a significant positive impact on farmers' grain income, but the impact of compensation amount on grain income is not significant, which may be caused by the non-standard settlement of claims in actual compensation. The results of further mechanism analysis show that the agricultural insurance can guarantee farmers’ grain income mainly by expanding planting scale, improving credit availability and reducing production risks. Compared with low part-time farmers, the agricultural insurance has a more significant effect on ensuring the income from grain cultivation for high part-time farmers. Compared with un-affected farmers, the agricultural insurance has a more significant impact on ensuring the benefits of grain cultivation for affected farmers.
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