To study the impact of forest resources and their ecological product value realization on the income growth of rural residents, this study first theoretically analyzes the impact of forest resource richness and ecological product value realization on the income growth of rural residents. Then, using an macro statistical data from 31 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in China from 2006 to 2020(The data do not include those of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below.), quantitative analysis and testing were conducted. Meanwhile, further analysis on the impact of forest resource richness and the realization of ecological product value on the income gap between farmers and urban-rural residents at different income levels was conducted. The findings are as follows: 1) The incremental improvement of forest resources and the realization of the value of ecological products are beneficial to the improvement of rural residents’ income and the results are robust. 2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the improvement of forest resource quality and the realization of forest ecological product value have a more significant impact on resource abundant but economically underdeveloped areas; However, the increase in forest resources does not promote the income growth of rural residents in the region. 3) The mechanism test discovers that the richness of forest resources and the value of ecological products have a synergistic effect on the increase of farmers’ income, which can improve the level of livability and employment in rural areas, and thus increase the income of rural residents. 4) Further analysis shows that the realization of forest resource richness and the value of its ecological products can narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas and within rural areas, which is of great significance to the realization of the goal of common prosperity. Finally, this study puts forward some policy suggestions to effectively utilize the advantages of regional forest resources and ecological products to increase rural residents’ income and promote common prosperity.
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