To analyze the effects of fermented milk on liver lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota in obese mice, sixty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group (CON), model group (MD), Yishanfu group (YG), low concentration fermented milk intervention group (LFG), and high concentration fermented milk intervention group (HFG). After successful modeling of obesity, a 6-week gastric lavage was performed. At the end of the experiment, the weight and length of the mice were measured after fasting, the LEE'S index was calculated, the blood was collected for biochemical indicators and pathological changes in liver tissue were observed, and cecal contents were obtained from mice for gut microbiota sequencing. The results showed that :1) Compared with CON, the body weight, LEE’S index, ALT, and AST of MD mice were significantly increased (P<0.01), indicating that the obesity model was successfully established. 2) Compared with MD, the body weight, LEE'S index, ALT, and TC of the fermented milk intervention group mice were significantly reduced (P<0.01), with AST and TG significantly reduced (P<0.05). At the same time, the fatty degeneration of liver tissue in the fermented milk and Yishanfu group of mice was significantly improved, with almost no obvious fat vacuoles, indicating that fermented milk can inhibit the weight gain of obese mice, and improve their liver lipid metabolism function.3) Compared with MD, the diversity level of intestinal microbiota in the intervention group of mice showed a certain degree of recovery, especially in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.It indicated that fermented milk had a certain effect on the restoration of intestinal microbiota diversity in mice. In summary, this study clarified that effects of fermented milk on liver lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in obese mice, providing a theoretical basis for the development of functional fermented milk.
如图5所示,通过对各组小鼠的 HE 切片进行观察发现正常对照组小鼠没有明显的脂肪肝且肝小叶结构完整,肝组织内无脂滴出现。而长期高脂喂养的小鼠肝脏均出现了较为明显的脂肪变性、炎症和坏死。病理学特点主要表现在肝小叶边界不清晰,胞浆内存在有脂滴空泡,但未见明显的纤维性变化。其中脂质占据大部分空间,且细胞核被挤向细胞一侧。在肝小叶的中心可见广泛炎症浸润和组织坏死。经发酵乳和易善复干预的小鼠肝组织脂肪变性有明显好转,基本没有明显的脂肪空泡,尤其是低浓度发酵乳组小鼠肝组织切片可见肝板整齐,肝血窦清晰,肝细胞中的脂肪空泡最少。此结果表明发酵乳和易善复均可明显改善小鼠肝脏发生的病理变化。
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