施正香,教授,博士生导师。国家奶牛产业技术体系岗位科学家,中国农业工程学会畜牧工程分会副理事长,中国畜牧兽医学会家畜环境卫生学分会副理事长,农业部畜牧业科技(环境)咨询专家组成员。主要研究方向为畜牧工程、畜牧环境、动物福利。主持或参加了国家科技攻关、科技支撑项目、重要技术标准专项、公益性行业(农业)专项、重点研发计划项目等重大课题20余项。获省部级科技进步一等奖4项、二等奖5项。在Biosystems Engineering, Animals, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 《农业工程学报》 《中国农业大学学报》等国内外学术刊物上发表论文150余篇,出版专著及教材22部,授权发明专利28项、实用新型专利30项,制订国家及行业标准7项。坚持在学术领域不断探索创新,同时长期深入产业一线,开展技术培训和现场指导。
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Effect of building forms on the thermal comfort of dairy barns in cold regions
In response to the current problems of insufficient thermal insulation and heat preservation in dairy barns in cold regions of China, this study used a combination of the thermal evaluation of the building and heat stress assessment of the cows. The thermal resistances of the enclosure structure of the open barn and the closed window barn in the cold region were measured. The summer thermal environment conditions in the barns were tested and analyzed. The temperature-humidity index (THI) and the skin temperature index for cows (STIC) were used to assess heat stress of the cows. The predictive calculations of theoretical values for the thermal environment in winter in a barn were carried out based on previous studies. The comfort effect of the thermal environment in dairy barns with different building forms in cold regions was studied. The results showed that the thermal resistance and roof thermal resistance of both open and enclosed windowed barns met the requirements, but the thermal resistance of the side walls was significantly lower than the minimum thermal resistance required for the region. In the summer, both types of barns provided a relatively comfortable thermal environment in the cold region. The heat stress was not a serious problem for cows in the barns. However, in the winter, the indoor temperature in both types of barns did not meet the requirements. This study concluded that the open barn could not provide the suitable thermal environment inside the barn in the cold regions of the country. This study recommends the use of a closed windowed barn, which should have a thermal resistance value ≥1.137 m2·K/W for the walls and ≥1.459 m2·K/W for the roof.
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施正香,教授,博士生导师。国家奶牛产业技术体系岗位科学家,中国农业工程学会畜牧工程分会副理事长,中国畜牧兽医学会家畜环境卫生学分会副理事长,农业部畜牧业科技(环境)咨询专家组成员。主要研究方向为畜牧工程、畜牧环境、动物福利。主持或参加了国家科技攻关、科技支撑项目、重要技术标准专项、公益性行业(农业)专项、重点研发计划项目等重大课题20余项。获省部级科技进步一等奖4项、二等奖5项。在Biosystems Engineering, Animals, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 《农业工程学报》 《中国农业大学学报》等国内外学术刊物上发表论文150余篇,出版专著及教材22部,授权发明专利28项、实用新型专利30项,制订国家及行业标准7项。坚持在学术领域不断探索创新,同时长期深入产业一线,开展技术培训和现场指导。
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施正香,教授,博士生导师。国家奶牛产业技术体系岗位科学家,中国农业工程学会畜牧工程分会副理事长,中国畜牧兽医学会家畜环境卫生学分会副理事长,农业部畜牧业科技(环境)咨询专家组成员。主要研究方向为畜牧工程、畜牧环境、动物福利。主持或参加了国家科技攻关、科技支撑项目、重要技术标准专项、公益性行业(农业)专项、重点研发计划项目等重大课题20余项。获省部级科技进步一等奖4项、二等奖5项。在Biosystems Engineering, Animals, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 《农业工程学报》 《中国农业大学学报》等国内外学术刊物上发表论文150余篇,出版专著及教材22部,授权发明专利28项、实用新型专利30项,制订国家及行业标准7项。坚持在学术领域不断探索创新,同时长期深入产业一线,开展技术培训和现场指导。
开放式牛舍夏季白天舍内温湿度、温湿指数(Temperature-humidity index,THI)及奶牛皮肤温度指数(Skin temperature index for cows,STIC)基本处于奶牛生产适宜范围,由THI评价舍内奶牛处于无热应激状态到轻度热应激状态,而由STIC评价舍内奶牛处于无热应激状态,对于舍内良好热环境的影响因素主要包括满足热工性能要求的屋顶结构及持续运行的舍内风机。该地区夏季平均高温为27 ℃,一般不会超过34 ℃。适宜的环境温度条件对于缓解奶牛夏季热应激非常重要。对于开放式牛舍,良好热工性能的屋顶结构可以阻隔大量热量进入舍内,目前大型奶牛场的牛舍多采用彩钢保温夹芯板或单层彩钢板下安装保温隔热板等复合板作为屋顶结构[19]。本研究测试数据结果表明,牛舍内的风速主要受舍外风速和舍内风机影响,该牛舍的山墙端存在门斗,形成局部隧道[20],导致舍内靠近山墙侧测点处形成了风洞,增强了舍外风速和舍内风机的叠加效应,因此风速相对较高;而舍内中部测点风速相对均匀,处于0.6~1.0 m/s。在测试时的温湿度环境条件下,多种因素综合构成了舍内相对舒适的热环境。
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