1.Rural Revitalization Academy of Zhejiang Province/Green Rural Revival Program Academy/College of Economics and Management,Zhejiang A & F University,Hangzhou 311300,China
2.Institute of Digital Forestry and Green Development/College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China
In order to explore the impacts of agricultural green transformation on urban-rural income gap, based on the panel data of 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province from 2007 to 2021, this study used the global reference super-efficiency SBM model, fixed effect model and mediating effect model to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural eco-efficiency on urban-rural income gap and its mechanism. The results showed that: 1) From 2007 to 2021, the agricultural eco-efficiency of Zhejiang Province and its districts and cities was on the rise. The difference of agricultural eco-efficiency among districts and cities was narrowing down and the number of medium-high efficiency areas was increasing. From 2007 to 2021, the income gap between urban and rural areas in Zhejiang Province showed a decreasing trend year by year. Among them, the income gap between urban and rural areas in Lishui City was the largest and Wenzhou City was the smallest. 2) The results of mechanism analysis showed that the improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency could narrow the urban-rural income gap by increasing the price of agricultural products and promoting the transfer of rural labor force. 3) The results of heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of agricultural eco-efficiency on improving rural residents ‘income was better than that of urban residents’ income, which was beneficial to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. 4) The scale efficiency decomposed by agricultural eco-efficiency displayed a significant effect on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the effect of pure technical efficiency was not significant. Therefore, it is necessary to increase financial support for agriculture, improve agricultural subsidy policies, reduce agricultural production costs, improve the income distribution system, increase the proportion of farmers in the economic distribution of green agricultural development results, and promote the formation of farmers ' absolute income level and promote the narrowing of urban-rural income gap.
报告显示,农业化肥利用率<1/3,农膜回收率<2/3,可见农业面源污染等问题给农业绿色发展带来巨大挑战[3]。世界银行在Cost in Pollution in China报告指出,面源污染造成的健康负担在中国城乡间表现出严重的不对等,极有可能引致城乡收入差距的扩大,进一步加剧“穷者愈穷”的现象[4]。生态农业能有效控制农业面源污染,不仅拓宽农民增收渠道,还有利于推动农业绿色发展[5]。2021年8月,农业农村部等6部门联合印发《“十四五”全国农业绿色发展规划》明确指出通过打造绿色低碳农业产业链、发展生态农业来构建人与自然和谐共生的乡村发展新格局。因此,推动农业绿色转型、发展生态农业已成为农业绿色高质量发展和建设农业强国的重要举措。
ChaoX J, ShenK R. Urban-Rural income disparity, labor quality and economic growth in China [J]. Economic Research Journal,2014,49(06):30-43 (in Chinese)
ZhangK Y, ZhangG Q, HanY, ZhangJ J, WuL P. Impact of agricultural machinery services on agro-ecological efficiency: Local effects and spatial spillovers [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University,2023,28(3):223-237 (in Chinese)
JingS Q, LinY, NiuK Y. Driving green transformation of agriculture with low carbon: Characteristics of agricultural carbon emissions and its emissions reduction path in China[J]. Reform,2021, 327(5):29-37 (in Chinese)
[7]
BankWorld. Cost of pollution in China: Economic estimates of physical damages[R]. Washington DC: World Bank,2007
YuF W, LinS. The development of new ecological agriculture prominent problems, goal reshaping and path strategies[J]. Studies on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,2022(Z1):38-45 (in Chinese)
NieW, YuF W. Review of methodology and application of agricultural eco-efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(9):1371-1380 (in Chinese)
ZhangQ W, TianJ. Can digital financial inclusion narrow income gap between urban and rural areas: Analysis based on mediation effect of agricultural total factor productivity[J].Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management, 2022,21(6):716-724 (in Chinese)
XuH P, WangY L. China 's urban-rural income gap and total factor productivity: Spatial econometric analysis based on provincial data [J]. Journal of Financial Research,2010(10):54-67 (in Chinese)
XieE, ChenX. Study on improving ecological efficiency and promoting household income growth under the “dual carbon” targets [J]. Journal of Central South University: Social Sciences,2023,29(1):52-65,107 (in Chinese)
WangK F, WuC L. The impact of income gap on urban environmental total factor productivity in China: Evidence from 285 prefecture-level and above cities [J]. Inquiry into Economic Issues,2018(2):49-57 (in Chinese)
JiangM Y, LinX B, FanM Z, ZhangR C. Influence of income gap between urban and rural areas on agricultural green total factor productivity[J]. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University: Social Science,2023,17(2):38-43 (in Chinese)
WangC H. Transformation of rural economic green development in economically developed areas of China:A case study of Beijing Area[J]. Journal of Technology Economics,2021,40(4):87-93 (in Chinese)
[24]
郭玲,迟舒桐.财政支农、乡村产业发展与乡村减贫[J].南开经济研究,2023(5):111-132
[25]
GuoL, ChiS T. Fiscal expenditure on agriculture, rural industrial development and poverty reduction[J]. Nankai Economic Studies,2023(5):111-132 (in Chinese)
ZhangJ X, ChenY Q, HaoJ M, WuW L. Research advances on regional agricultural ecosystem under the framework of rural revitalization strategy [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2021,26(5):92-105 (in Chinese)
Zeng X G, Yu H Y, Xie F. Concept, classification and market supply mechanism of ecological products [J].China Population, Resources and Environment,2014,24(7):12-17 (in Chinese)
LiQ. Increasing the supply of ecological products and fostering new drivers of green development[J]. Ecological Economy,2018,34(8):209-211,225 (in Chinese)
CaoX F, SunB, ChenH B, ZhouJ M, SongX W, LiuX J. Approaches and research progresses of marginal land productivity expansion and ecological benefit improvement in China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2021,36(3):336-348 (in Chinese)
LiW Q, ZhangJ W. Research on the coupling coordination of agricultural ecological efficiency and green total factor productivity in the yellow river basin[J]. Ecological Economy,2022,38(5):121-128,168 (in Chinese)
YuW Z, LuoX F, LiR R, XueL F, HuangL. The paradox between farmer willingness and their adoption of green technology from the perspective of green cognition[J]. Resources Science,2017,39(8):1573-1583 (in Chinese)
HuP B, ZhongY P. The mechanism of improving agricultural eco-efficiency by the integration of agriculture and tourism supported by the government: Taking the national leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration counties as an example [J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2019(12):85-104 (in Chinese)
FanD S, YangF X, ZhengX, ZhangQ D. The impact of green agricultural subsidies on fertilizer reduction and its mechanisms: Evidence from pilot policies for organic fertilizer subsidies[J]. Resources Science,2023,45(8):1515-1530 (in Chinese)
ZhangH Y, ChenL B, HuZ T. Establishing an institutional framework and policy system by giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas[J]. Chinese Rural Economy,2019(12):16-28 (in Chinese)
HouM Y, DengY J, YaoS B. Rural labor transfer, fertilizer use intensity and Agro-ecological efficiency: Interaction effects and spatial spillover [J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2021(10):79-94 (in Chinese)
[50]
罗玉兰.农业劳动力结构变迁视角下的农业现代化路径选择[J].农业经济,2021(11):79-81
[51]
LuoY L. The path selection of agricultural modernization from the perspective of the change of agricultural labor force structure[J]. Agricultural Economy,2021(11):79-81 (in Chinese)
ZhangX Y, LaiH R. The new relationship between industry and agriculture: The strategic transformation from ‘using industry to promote agriculture’ to ‘ensuring industry and agriculture promote each other’ and the motivation mechanisms therein [J]. Comparative Economic & Social Systems,2022(1):171-177 (in Chinese)
[54]
国家统计局.中国统计年鉴,2008—2022[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008—2022
[55]
National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook,2008-2022[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press,2008-2022 (in Chinese)
[56]
浙江统计局.浙江统计年鉴,2008—2022[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008—2022
[57]
National Bureau of Statistics of Zhejiang. Zhejiang Statistical Yearbook,2008-2022[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2008-2022 (in Chinese)
ChuiX F, WangY F, ZhangG H. Low-carbon oriented measurement and spatiotemporal evolution of agricultural eco-efficiency in China: Based on SBM-ESDA model [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy,2022(9):47-61 (in Chinese)
WangB Y, ZhangW G. A research of agricultural eco-efficiency measure in China and space-time differences [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment,2016,26(6):11-19 (in Chinese)
JieX Q, ShangJ. A study on China’s agricultural ecological efficiency based on the third stage SBM model [J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2021,42(7):210-217 (in Chinese)
LiB, ZhangJ B. Study on carbon effects and spatial differences based on changes in China’s agricultural land use [J]. Economic Geography,2012,32(7):135-140 (in Chinese)
DuanH P, ZhangY, ZhaoJ B, BianX M. Carbon footprint analysis of farmland ecosystem in China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(5):203-208 (in Chinese)
LiJ W, GuT A, WangX, LiJ Q. Human capital heterogeneity and income inequality of households[J]. Journal of Management World,2023,39(10):1-22,73,23 (in Chinese)
WenZ L, YeB J. Analyses of mediating effects: The development of methods and models[J]. Advances in Psychological Science,2014,22(5):731-745 (in Chinese)
[75]
孔凡斌,阮华,徐彩瑶.粮食生产对城乡收入差距的影响[J].管理学刊,2023,36(2):1-9
[76]
KongF B, RuanH, XuC Y. Impact of grain production on urban-rural income gap[J]. Journal of Management,2023,36(2):1-9 (in Chinese)
TangJ J, GongJ W, SongQ H. Digital financial inclusion and agricultural total factor productivity: The role of factor flow and technology diffusion[J]. Chinese Rural Economy,2022(7):81-102 (in Chinese)
RuG, LiuH, RenZ A. The impact of resource endowment on urban-rural income gap: Panel data and experience from major energy producing provinces in China [J]. Finance and Economy,2016(6):4-10,82 (in Chinese)
LiZ Y, HanX F, FengG F. Does China’s urbanization expand urban-rural income gap: An empirical analysis based on China's provincial panel data [J]. Economist,2016(2):69-74 (in Chinese)
TianY, HeY C. Does rural labor migration promote agricultural carbon reduction: A panel data test based on 30 provinces[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences: Social Sciences Edition, 2023, 23(5):61-73 (in Chinese)
KongF B, WangN, XuC Y, LuY, ShenY Q. Impact of value realization of forest ecological products on urban-rural income gap in 26 mountainous counties of Zhejiang Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2023,59(1):44-58 (in Chinese)
LiX Z, LiJ Y. Research on the influence of digital economy development on urban-rural income gap[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2022(2):77-93 (in Chinese)
ShiS Y, WangX, HaiS Q, WanQ Y, HuJ M. The nonlinear impact of tourism development on urban-rural income gap in poor areas[J]. Resources Science, 2022, 44(11): 2341-2355 (in Chinese)