In order to explore the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on China's agricultural foreign investment and its internal logic, this study empirically examines the investment promotion effect of the Belt and Road Initiative by using the DID method on the data of China’s agricultural foreign investment projects in the Public List of Foreign Investment Enterprises (Institutions) Recorded Results from 2006 to 2018. The results show that:1) The implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative has significantly boosted the growth of China’s agricultural foreign investment, and the number of agricultural investment projects in countries along the Belt and Road is 2.385 units higher than in countries not along the Belt and Road.2) The Belt and Road Initiative has different promotion effects on agricultural foreign investment in countries with different conditions. The investment promotion effect is more significant for countries with lower levels of economic development or agricultural development. Compared with countries that have not signed the Belt and Road cooperation document with China, countries along the Belt and Road that have signed the Belt and Road cooperation documents with China have a more significant investment promotion effect. 3) The Belt and Road Initiative has indirectly promoted the growth of China’s agricultural foreign investment through policy communication, financial integration, unimpeded trade and people-to-people bonds. Therefore, China government should continue to promote policy communication with countries along the Belt and Road, promote phased cooperation in a targeted manner based on the development conditions of different economies, and strengthen international currency swap cooperation and cultural exchanges and mutual trust at the same time.
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