1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing 100081, China
2.Rural Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China
In order to clarify the regional differences of rice production in recent years in China and grasp the regional rice yield increase capacity, using national county-level sample rice production data(Data do not include those of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below), this study analyzed the regional differences in rice production capacity, and adopted the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index to investigate the contribution of driving factors for rice yield increase in counties from both temporal and spatial dimensions. The results showed that: From 2016 to 2019, the rice production pattern in China showed an increasing trend in the north and decreasing trend in the south, with a significant increase in yield in the Sanjiang Plain in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province. The spatial distribution pattern of rice planting area and total yield in the county was relatively close. At the national level, the planting area and yield jointly promoted the growth of rice yield, but the cumulative effect of yield per unit area contributed more than 93%, and the contribution of planting area was relatively small; The driving force of increasing yield per unit area on rice production in the time dimension was gradually increasing, while the effect of planting area was gradually weakening and transforming into a yield reduction effect. Regionally, the overall rice yield in the Northeast Plain region displayed an increasing trend, with the main driving factor was the planting area; The decrease in rice yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the coastal areas of South China was mainly dominated by the sowing area; The rice yield in the Huanghuaihai region was increased, which was driven by the combined effects of planting area and yield per unit area; The rice yield in the southwest region showed a downward trend, and both the planting area and yield had a negative inhibitory effect. Therefore, on the basis of stabilizing the rice planting area, the Northeast Plain region should deeply explore the potential for yield improvement; The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the coastal areas of southern China will continue to strengthen yield improvement, accelerate the construction of high standard farmland, build suitable combinations of early and late rice varieties, and strengthen the protection of high-quality rice fields around the city; and the construction of reservoirs in the southwest region should be strengthened to solve the problem of seasonal water shortage.
分析水稻单产区域差异性以及对产量的贡献是研究热点,但同样欠缺全国县域层面针对水稻的深度分析。孙致陆[11]分省份分析了我国稻谷单产时空演进趋势,发现1978—2015年单产均在波动变化中显著提升,主产区省份单产持续高于非主产区省份。水稻单产空间差异性主要源于不同区域气候地势水源等自然因素,例如南方的水稻普遍可以种植两季或三季,但作物生长期的缩短对单产会造成影响[12-13]。解伟等[14]利用文献统计方法分析了已有研究关于气候变化对中国未来粮食单产影响的评估结果,研究表明气温每提高1 ℃,三大主粮作物的单产下降约2.6%。目前我国宜耕耕地后备资源匮乏,农业土壤肥力水平总体不高,中低产田面积大,土壤退化严重,在现有自然环境条件下,提升单产水平成为保障水稻有效供给的重要路径[15-16]。王薇等[17]分析了单产对水稻增产的影响,发现水稻产量增加主要源于单产,未来单产贡献趋于平缓。为了厘清近年来我国水稻生产的区域差异,把握区域水稻增产能力,利用全国县级样本水稻生产数据,分析了区域水稻生产水平的差异,采用对数平均迪氏分解法(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index,LMDI)模型分析县域水稻增产的分解因素效应,为挖掘区域水稻产能潜力和制定产能提升政策提供借鉴。
LiG J, LuoQ Y. The system, challenges and countermeasures of the protection and utilization of China’s cultivated land resources [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University: Social Science Edition,2023,22(6):9-15 (in Chinese)
YangW J, ChenW J. Studies on the spatial distribution changing of China’s rice production and its influencing factors [J]. Economic Geography, 2011,31(12):2086-2093 (in Chinese)
NaiJ, ZhangH C, LuJ F. Regional pattern changes of rice production in thirty years and its influencing factors in Jiangsu Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012,45(16):3446-3452 (in Chinese)
WangF, LiuY F, KongX S, ChenY Y, PanJ W. Spatial and temporal variation of grain production and its influencing factors at the county level in China[J]. Economic Geography, 2018,38(5):142-151 (in Chinese)
GaoC, ZhangB B, ZhaoM J, YangX L. Grain productivity potential of cultivated land and yield gap analysis in China [J].Journal of China Agricultural University, 2020,25(1):10-18 (in Chinese)
XieK, DingM J, XinL J, ChenL W. Spatial-temporal patterns of grain output and its spatial relationship with economic development at the county level in China[J]. Economic Geography,2021,41(11):167-175 (in Chinese)
LuoH, ZhaoZ J, QianJ R. Effects of factors misallocation on the TFP growth in China’s grain industry [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University: Social Sciences,2021,38(1):97-110 (in Chinese)
LuX H, KeN, KuangB. Regional differences and influencing factors of China’s grain production capacity [J].China Land Science,2020,34(8):53-62 (in Chinese)
SunZ L. Spatial temporal evolution and regional convergence of the yields of China’s three major grains [J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University: Social Science Edition,2017,16(3):12-26 (in Chinese)
TangK, WangJ Y, ChenZ G. The impact of farm land management scale on grain yield per unit area and production cost: Based on cross-period and regional empirical research [J]. Journal of Management World,2017(5):79-91 (in Chinese)
YinC J, LiG C, FanL X, GaoX. Effects of climate change during growth period on yield per unit area in major rice producing areas in China: An empirical analysis based on extended C-D production function [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University,2018,23(10):183-192 (in Chinese)
XieW, WeiW, CuiQ. The impacts of climate change on the yield of staple crops in China: A Meta-analysis [J]. China Population,Resources and Environment,2019,29(1):79-85 (in Chinese)
LiJ, SunX M. Analysis on provincial grain unit yield and its fluctuation conditions[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment,2011,21(4):76-80 (in Chinese)
WangW, ZhangS W, TianX. Growth potential of three staple grains in China:From the perspective of yield growth decomposition[J]. Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management,2019,18(4):441-452 (in Chinese)
[35]
AngB W. The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: A practical guide[J]. Energy Policy,2005, 33(7):867-871
[36]
HoekstraR, van der BerghJ C J M. Comparing structural decomposition analysis and index[J]. Energy Economics,2003,25(1):39-64
[37]
FreitasL C D, KanekoS. Decomposing the decoupling of CO2 emissions and economic growth in Brazil[J]. Ecological Economics. 2011.70(8):1459-1469