唐兰萍,华中农业大学博士,荷兰阿姆斯特丹自由大学联合培养博士,浙江财经大学公共管理学院讲师。主要从事耕地系统变化与生态环境效应、国土空间优化配置等方面的教学与研究工作,在Nature Food、 Land Degradation & Development、 Journal of Environmental Management、 Ecological Indicators、 Land Use Policy、《生态学报》等期刊发表论文14篇,先后参与国家自然科学基金项目、国家社会科学基金项目、教育部人文社科基金项目及其他各类科研课题8项、参与著作撰写1部。研究成果获武汉市社会科学优秀成果奖三等奖、土地经济研究新秀奖、联合国黑客松中国赛区最佳可视化奖等。
作者简介:
柯新利教授,博士生导师,华中农业大学公共管理学院院长。主要从事土地利用变化、耕地保护与利用、国土空间优化配置等方面的研究。主持国家自然科学基金和国家社会科学基金7 项,其中国家社科基金重大项目1 项,其它各类科研课题20 余项。在Nature Food, Land Use Policy、《地理学报(英文版)》、《中国土地科学》和《中国行政管理》等公开发表学术论文100 余篇,独立出版专著3部。系统评估了我国耕地保护政策实施效果及其生态代价,服务粮食安全和生态文明建设战略;提出了权衡城市扩张、耕地保护与生态保育的土地利用优化配置策略,服务可持续发展;提出了基于布局优化的耕地保护区域补偿的理论与方法体系,服务区域协调发展,获得了广泛关注,并被NatureSustainability, Nature Communications 等国际一流期刊引用。自主研发了分区异步元胞自动机模型软件、LANDSCAPE 土地利用变化模型软件、生态安全评估系统各1 套。研究成果获评“湖北省社会科学优秀成果奖”等学术奖励。E-mail:kexl@mail. hzau. edu. cn
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Impact of spatial-temporal changes in the cropland system on carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems in China
This study aims to reveal the impact of the spatial-temporal changes in the cropland system on the carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems. The resources and utilization of cropland were integrated into the cropland system. InVEST model and greenhouse gas emission factor method are adopted to assess the impact of spatial-temporal changes of the cropland system on carbon storage and carbon emissions in China (The data do not include those of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions. The same below) between 1980 and 2018 at the municipal scale. The results show that: 1) The spatiotemporal changes in the cropland system led to a decrease of 3×108 t in carbon storage and an increase in carbon emissions of 1×108 t, resulting in a total loss of 4×108 t in the carbon budget. 2) The reclamation of forest and wetlands for cropland was the main reason for the reduction of carbon storage, and the increase in the input of agricultural materials such as fertilizers and machinery was the main reason for the increase in carbon emissions. 3) The spatial-temporal changes in the cropland system in the impact of the carbon budget showed a significant difference. The carbon budget of cities in the southeast coast and northwest China increased, but the loss of the carbon budget in Northeast China was massive. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the carbon effect of changes in cropland systems from the perspective of a “human-nature” coupling system. In the future, it is not only necessary to carry out scientific and reasonable control of cropland encroachment on natural lands such as forests and wetlands to reduce the loss of carbon storage but also necessary to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural materials such as fertilizers and pesticides in order to promote the transform of cropland utilization mode from traditional intensive utilization mode into sustainable intensive utilization mode.
唐兰萍,华中农业大学博士,荷兰阿姆斯特丹自由大学联合培养博士,浙江财经大学公共管理学院讲师。主要从事耕地系统变化与生态环境效应、国土空间优化配置等方面的教学与研究工作,在Nature Food、 Land Degradation & Development、 Journal of Environmental Management、 Ecological Indicators、 Land Use Policy、《生态学报》等期刊发表论文14篇,先后参与国家自然科学基金项目、国家社会科学基金项目、教育部人文社科基金项目及其他各类科研课题8项、参与著作撰写1部。研究成果获武汉市社会科学优秀成果奖三等奖、土地经济研究新秀奖、联合国黑客松中国赛区最佳可视化奖等。
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唐兰萍,华中农业大学博士,荷兰阿姆斯特丹自由大学联合培养博士,浙江财经大学公共管理学院讲师。主要从事耕地系统变化与生态环境效应、国土空间优化配置等方面的教学与研究工作,在Nature Food、 Land Degradation & Development、 Journal of Environmental Management、 Ecological Indicators、 Land Use Policy、《生态学报》等期刊发表论文14篇,先后参与国家自然科学基金项目、国家社会科学基金项目、教育部人文社科基金项目及其他各类科研课题8项、参与著作撰写1部。研究成果获武汉市社会科学优秀成果奖三等奖、土地经济研究新秀奖、联合国黑客松中国赛区最佳可视化奖等。
考虑到耕地面积数据的可获取性和统一性,本研究的耕地面积数据基于中国土地利用遥感监测数据集提取,数据来源于中国科学院资源环境数据中心(Resource and Environment Science and Data Center, RESDC)的全国土地利用数据库(http://www.resdc.cn/),空间分辨率为1 km,土地利用类型包括6个一级地类及25个二级地类。
1.3.2 耕地利用数据
鉴于实物形态测度方法适用于长期大区域尺度耕地利用集约度评估,因此,本研究基于实物形态测度方法测算单位耕地面积上的农业生产资料各项投入。农业生产资料主要包括农药、化肥、农膜、农业机械总动力及有效灌溉面积。农业生产资料各项投入的数据来源于《中国统计年鉴》[25]、《中国农村统计年鉴》[26]、《中国县域统计年鉴》[27]、各县市统计年鉴、各县市农村统计年鉴、EPS (Easy Professional Superior)数据平台。由于1980年全国农药及农膜的数据缺失,因此假设1980年农药与农膜数据与1990年一致。
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