Factor analysis of soybean harvest losses and experimental research on machine harvesting parameters: A case study of Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang Heshan Farm
To address the issue of high machine harvesting losses during soybean harvest in Heilongjiang, a study was conducted using questionnaire surveys, Tobit model evaluations, and field experiments to analyze the correlation, influencing factors, and optimal operating parameters of machinery in the harvest process. The results showed that: 1) The forward speed, type of machinery, and threshing parameters had high significant positive impacts on the machine harvesting loss while the driver training and operating time had significant negative impact. 2) There was a quadratic function relationship between the loss rate and operating date and time. The loss rate and crushing rate increased with higher forward speeds. As the rotate speed of the roller increased, the total loss rate gradually increased, and the crushing rate initially decreased and then increased. With the increasing of threshing gap, the loss rate initially decreased and then increased, while the crushing rate gradually decreased. 3) When the forward speed was 4.5 km/h, the rotate speed of the roller was 560 r/min, and the threshing gap was 28 mm, the loss rate and crushing rate were 1.37% and 1.21%, respectively, resulting in the lower machine harvesting losses. After the adjustment of the operation parameters, the field loss rate and breakage rate were 1.35% and 1.15%, respectively, representing the decreases of 0.43% and 0.24% compared to before the adjustment. Under above combination of parameters, the quality of the mechanical harvesting operation is high.
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