To explore the impact of digital economy on food system resilience and its internal logic and spatial effect, a panel dataset from 2012 to 2022 across Chinese provinces is utilized in this study. A two-way fixed effects model, mediation effect model, and spatial econometric model are employed to empirically examine the direct effects, mechanisms of action, and spatial spillover effects of the digital economy on the resilience of food systems. The results indicate that: The resilience of food systems at the provincial level in China currently exhibits an annual growth trend over time and demonstrates regional heterogeneity in space. The digital economy has significantly contributed to the enhancement of food system resilience levels, with resource allocation playing a mediating role in this process. Moreover, the digital economy exerts a significant positive spatial spillover effect on food system resilience, meaning that it can improve both local and neighboring regions’ resilience of food systems. Based on these findings, policy recommendations include accelerating the construction of digital economy, enhancing the resilience of food system, and optimizing resource allocation are put forward to enhance industry quality and efficiency, and foster collaborative regional development to solidify the foundations of food security.
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