王红亮,博士,中国农业大学副教授,博士生导师。主要在农牧系统养分管理、农业废弃物循环利用等方向开展交叉学科研究。担任生猪、奶牛等多个科技小院首席专家。主持国家自然科学基金、科技部重点研发项目子课题以及地方政府或企业委托项目多项,在Environmental Science and Technology 、 Science of the Total Environment 等国际期刊发表论文10余篇。荣获2023年第三届全国创新争先奖牌-中国农业大学科技小院团队;入选2022年中国农技协“最美科技小院”;获得2022年国家级赛事“中国研究生乡村振兴科技强农+创新大赛”特等奖及优秀指导教师称号、2022年曲周县农业科技服务先进个人、2020年中国农业大学优秀人才;担任Animal Research and One Health 青年编委。
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Spatial variation and analysis of carbon and nitrogen footprints during farmland production of pig feed ingredients in China
In order to explore the spatial variation of carbon and nitrogen footprints of China’s pig feed ingredients in farmland production and the strategy of carbon and nitrogen footprints reduction, this study adopted the life cycle assessment method to systematically analyze the carbon and nitrogen emission characteristics of nine feed ingredient crops such as maize, wheat, rice, soybean, peanut, oilseed rape, cotton, sugarcane and sugar beet produced in different provinces in China. The farmland carbon and nitrogen footprints reduction and feed utilization strategies were prospected in the end. The results showed that: 1) The carbon and nitrogen footprints of maize production displayed a spatial variation of ‘higher in northwest and southern coastal areas, lower in northeast and central areas’ pattern; The carbon and nitrogen footprints of wheat production were mainly concentrated in northwest areas; The carbon and nitrogen footprints of rice production in northwest and southern coastal areas were higher than that in northeast and central areas; The carbon and nitrogen footprints of soybean production in North China and peanut production in southern areas were also higher; The carbon and nitrogen footprints of oilseed rape production were mainly concentrated in the northwest and southern coastal areas, and that of cotton production in northwest and southern areas were significantly higher than that in other areas; The carbon and nitrogen footprints of sugarcane production in Guangdong were higher; Hebei had the highest carbon and nitrogen footprints in sugar beet production. 2) The carbon footprint of farmland production of feed ingredients mainly came from agricultural inputs (20.73%-60.77%), followed by field fertilizer application (13.38%-42.43%); the nitrogen footprint mainly came from NH3 volatilization caused by field fertilizer application (45.60%-77.13%), nitrogen leaching and runoff losses (12.86%-48.91%). In conclusion, farmland management optimization countermeasures such as fertilizer reduction, etc. can effectively reduce the carbon and nitrogen footprints of feed ingredient crops, and it is recommended to give priority to the use of low-emission regional feed ingredient crops in livestock production to reduce the environmental cost of animal husbandry.
王红亮,博士,中国农业大学副教授,博士生导师。主要在农牧系统养分管理、农业废弃物循环利用等方向开展交叉学科研究。担任生猪、奶牛等多个科技小院首席专家。主持国家自然科学基金、科技部重点研发项目子课题以及地方政府或企业委托项目多项,在Environmental Science and Technology 、 Science of the Total Environment 等国际期刊发表论文10余篇。荣获2023年第三届全国创新争先奖牌-中国农业大学科技小院团队;入选2022年中国农技协“最美科技小院”;获得2022年国家级赛事“中国研究生乡村振兴科技强农+创新大赛”特等奖及优秀指导教师称号、2022年曲周县农业科技服务先进个人、2020年中国农业大学优秀人才;担任Animal Research and One Health 青年编委。
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王红亮,博士,中国农业大学副教授,博士生导师。主要在农牧系统养分管理、农业废弃物循环利用等方向开展交叉学科研究。担任生猪、奶牛等多个科技小院首席专家。主持国家自然科学基金、科技部重点研发项目子课题以及地方政府或企业委托项目多项,在Environmental Science and Technology 、 Science of the Total Environment 等国际期刊发表论文10余篇。荣获2023年第三届全国创新争先奖牌-中国农业大学科技小院团队;入选2022年中国农技协“最美科技小院”;获得2022年国家级赛事“中国研究生乡村振兴科技强农+创新大赛”特等奖及优秀指导教师称号、2022年曲周县农业科技服务先进个人、2020年中国农业大学优秀人才;担任Animal Research and One Health 青年编委。
从碳氮足迹构成的角度分析,降低饲料原料农田生产过程的碳氮足迹需要优化农田管理。合理施用化肥、减少氮肥施用量可以从源头减少种植系统的环境代价,确定合理施氮量是获得较高目标产量、维持土壤氮肥力和降低施氮引起环境污染的关键[23]。Peng等[24]通过实地氮肥管理(Site-specific N management, SSNM)技术,发现与农户传统施氮量相比,SSNM技术可平均减少32%的氮肥施用且使水稻增产5%。在最优氮素投入下,SSNM技术既可以提高氮肥利用率,又可以提高灌溉水稻的产量。因此,合理施用氮肥是减少农田种植系统碳氮排放的有效措施。本研究中灌溉产生的碳排放在总碳排放中占比较大,适当调整农田的灌溉水量,避免过度灌溉,是节水农业的重要措施之一,湿润灌溉和间歇灌溉可降低灌溉过程中的能源消耗,从而减少碳排放[25]。因此,农作物种植系统需要建立科学合理的农田管理措施,如推广保护性耕作和精准农业技术,优化施肥管理,减少氮肥的过量施用,发展缓释肥料和生物肥料,提高肥料利用率;采用节水灌溉技术也可促进农业机械的节能减排,提高灌溉设施利用效率[26-27]。
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