我国七大农业区耕地土壤有机碳密度的影响因素分析
Influencing factors on soil organic carbon density in seven major agricultural regions in China
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为探究影响我国耕地土壤有机碳密度(Soil Organic Carbon Density,SOCD)空间布局的关键因素,基于“中国高分辨率国家土壤信息格网基本属性数据集(2010—2018年)”,以农业区为研究单元建立分层回归模型和空间回归模型,分析水热、植被、施肥和秸秆还田等相关指标与耕地SOCD的关系。结果表明:1)全国各农业区耕地SOCD的分布呈现较大差异,水田SOCD由高到低表现为东北>华南>长江中下游>西南>黄淮海>甘新>黄土高原区;旱地SOCD由高到低为东北>华南>西南>长江中下游>甘新>黄土高原>黄淮海区;最高均为东北区(水田7.6±2.39,旱地6.58±2.75),甘新区、黄土高原区及黄淮海区较低(水田分别为3.08±1.29、3.09±0.38和3.15±0.43,旱地分别为3.24±1.27、3.11±0.97和2.78±0.36)。2)根据分层回归模型一(HRM Ⅰ),自然因素对大部分农业区耕地SOCD的空间差异起着主导作用(R2>0.5),加入人为因素指标后的分层回归模型二(HRM Ⅱ)对各农业区耕地SOCD空间分布差异的解释水平有不同程度的增加,其中黄淮海区最为显著(△ R2=0.152,P=0.001<0.01)。3)通过模型参数检验,长江中下游区采用线性回归模型,东北区采用空间误差模型,其他农业区采用空间滞后模型。4)耕地SOCD的影响机制在各农业区既有共性也有差异,海拔高度(X5)和秸秆还田面积(Z7)对各农业区耕地SOCD全部为正向影响(各区X5、Z7对应系数均>0),水热和植被条件、土壤侵蚀、化肥施用、灌溉、农业机械使用和粮食产量对不同农业区的耕地SOCD的影响存在差异。综上,全国耕地SOCD空间分布差异较大,影响各农业区耕地SOCD差异的关键因素不同;应针对不同农业区气候和土地利用条件,采取相应的耕地土壤有机碳固存策略,长江中下游区、华南区和西南区使用生物炭等土壤改良剂、推广精准配比施肥等,东北区采用土壤改良剂、推广保护性耕作技术,黄淮海区和黄土高原区应注重推广精准配比施肥和灌溉方式。此外,鼓励全国各农业区实施秸秆还田,持续改良秸秆还田方式,以促进土壤健康和农业的可持续发展。
In order to explore the key factors affecting the spatial layout of Soil Organic Carbon Density (SOCD) in cultivated land, based on the “China High Resolution National Soil Information Grid Basic Attribute Dataset (2010-2018)”, taking agricultural area as the research unit, hierarchical regression model and spatial regression model were established to analyze the relationship between hydrothermal condition, vegetation, fertilization and straw returning and SOCD of cultivated land. The results show that: 1) The distribution of SOCD in cultivated land showed great differences among all agricultural regions in China. The paddy field SOCD in desendding order is Northeast, South China, the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Southwest, Huang-Huai-Hai, Gan-Xin and Loess Plateau region. The SOCD of dry farm in descending is Northeast, South China, Southwest, the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Gan-Xin, Loess Plateau and Huang-Huai-Hai region. The highest values were observed in the Northeast region (paddy field 7.60±2.39, dry farm 6.58±2.75), while the lower values were observed in the Gan-Xin, Loess Plateau, and Huang-Huai-Hai region (paddy field 3.08±1.29,3.09±0.38, and 3.15±0.43, respectively, while dry farm 3.24±1.27, 3.11±0.97, and 2.78±0.36, respectively). 2) According to the results of Hierarchical Model Ⅰ, natural factors play a dominant role in the spatial difference of soil organic carbon density of cultivated land in most agricultural regions (R2 >0.5), and the interpretation level of the spatial difference of SOCD in all agricultural regions increased to different degrees with the addition of human factors in the hierarchical regression model II, among which the Huang-Huai-Hai region was the most significant (△ R2=0.152, P=0.001<0.01). 3) Through the model parameter test, the linear regression model was adopted in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the spatial error model was adopted in the Northeast region, and the spatial lag model was adopted in other regions. 4) There are both commonality and difference in the influence mechanism of SOCD in different agricultural regions. The altitude (X5) and straw returning area (Z7) have positive effects on SOCD in all agricultural regions (corresponding coefficients of X5, Z7 in all regions are > 0). The effects of hydrothermal and vegetation conditions, soil erosion, fertilizer application, irrigation, agricultural machinery use and grain yield on SOCD of cultivated land in different agricultural regions were different. To sum up, the spatial distribution of SOCD in cultivated land varies greatly across the country, and the factors affecting SOCD of cultivated land in different agricultural regions are different. Soil organic carbon sequestration strategies for cultivated land should be adopted according to the climate and land use conditions of different agricultural regions. Soil amendments such as biochar should be used in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River, South China and Southwest China, and precise proportional fertilization should be promoted; soil amendments and conservation tillage techniques should be adopted in the Northeast region, and precise proportional fertilization and irrigation should be promoted in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Loess Plateau region. In addition, all agricultural regions in the country are encouraged to implement straw returning to the field and continuously improve the method of straw returning to the field to promote soil health and sustainable agricultural development.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3804000)
兴安盟科学技术局应用技术研究与开发专项(2023SYFDZ0346)
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