In order to explore the international competitiveness of fishery industry in China and it’s influencing factors, firstly, from the perspectives of market share, net exports, and comparative advantage,this study measures and compares the international competitiveness of China and major fisheries producing countries(regions) in the world by applying Market Share, Trade Competitiveness Index and Revealed Comparative Advantage. Secondly, taking ‘National diamond model’ theory as guide, combining with the actual situation of fisheries, a theoretical analysis framework for international competitiveness of fisheries is constructed, and an empirical analysis is conducted on the influencing factors of China’s international competitiveness measured from three perspectives. Lastly, some policy considerations to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s fisheries are proposed. The result show that∶1) From the market share angle, China's fishery industry has the strongest international competitiveness among the world’s major export markets. 2) From the net export angle, China's TC index is continuously declining, and its competitive advantage is constantly being lost. 3) From the comparative advantage angle, compared to other major exporting countries, China's comparative advantage is not obvious and is gradually losing. 4) Primary production factors are the key to promoting the international competitiveness of China's fisheries, while advanced production factors have a relatively small promoting effect on international competitiveness. Human capital has become an important factor restricting the improvement of China’s fisheries international competitiveness. 5) The internal demand, related and supportive industries, and fishery development strategies have promoted the international market share and comparative advantage of China's fishery industry, but hindered the net exports.
式中:MS ij 为i国或地区第j类水产品的国际市场占有率;Xij 为i国或地区第j类水产品的出口额;Xwj 为世界第j类水产品的出口总额。
1.1.2 净出口反映的渔业国际竞争力
贸易竞争力指数(Trade Competitiveness Index,TC)表示一个国家或地区进出口贸易差额占进出口贸易总额的比重,也即是某一产业或产品的净出口额与其进出口总额之比。如果TC ij >0,表示某国或地区j类水产品具有较强的出口竞争力,越接近于1表示该类水产品竞争力越强。如果TC ij <0,表示该类水产品出口竞争力较弱,越接近于-1表示竞争力越弱。用公式表示为:
式中:TC ij 表示i国或地区j类水产品的贸易竞争力指数;Xij 表示i国或地区对j类水产品的出口额;Mij 表示i地j类水产品的进口额。
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