Agricultural College/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
The study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers on the chemical stoichiometry and non-structural carbohydrate allocation of rice under high temperature stress during the earing stage. In the experiment, three temperature treatments were set during the heading period of rice: normal temperature (NT), moderate high temperature (2 ℃ higher than normal temperature, MT), and extremely high temperature (5 ℃ higher than normal temperature, HT). Meanwhile, four fertilization methods were studied, which were full fertilization of chemical fertilizer (CF), full fertilization of organic fertilizer (OF), reducing application by 20% compared to CF (-20%CF) and reducing application by 20% compared to OF (-20%OF). The effects of the interaction between temperature and fertilization method on the stoichiometric characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus, and kalium in various organs of rice, as well as the allocation of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) were analyzed. The results showed that the interaction effect between fertilization method and temperature treatment had a highly significant impact (P0.01) on the stoichiometric characteristics and NSC mass fraction of rice. Under moderate high temperature condition, compared with CF, OF treatment increased the nitrogen mass fraction of rice stems, leaves, and grains. -20%OF treatment increased the kalium mass fraction in leaves and stems, and also increased the K∶P ratio of stems, leaves, and grains -20%CF treatment increased the phosphorus mass fraction of stems and grains, as well as the NSC mass fraction of mature grains. Under extreme high temperature conditions, the N∶P ratio of rice stems, leaves, and grains is less than 14. Compared with CF, -20%CF, and OF treatments, the N∶P ratio of rice stems, leaves, and grains is the highest in -20%OF treatment, indicating that -20%OF treatment can alleviate the N limitation faced by rice nutrient absorption process. At the same time, under extremely high temperature condition, -20%CF reduces the N∶K ratio of stems, leaves, and grains compared to CF. Relevant analysis shows that N∶K in the grain, K∶P in the stem, and NSC transport rate in the stem sheath are significantly positively correlated with yield. In summary, under extremely high temperatures, moderate application of organic fertilizer can alleviate nitrogen limitation in rice, and facilitate NSC transport and actual yield; Under moderate high temperatures, moderate application of organic fertilizer and reduced application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer are beneficial for optimizing the stoichiometric characteristic values of stems, leaves, and grains and increasing the NSC mass fraction of grains.
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