不同养分管理对有机茶产量、养分、品质及效益的影响
王钰茹 , 黄兴成 , 张贝贝 , 刘心强 , 赵曙光 , 王天一 , 张彤 , 石孝均 , 陈新平 , 张福锁
中国农业大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3) : 131 -140.
不同养分管理对有机茶产量、养分、品质及效益的影响
Effects of different nutrient management on the yield, nutrients, quality and benefits of organic tea
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为促进有机茶产业增产提质增收,在贵州省湄潭县有机茶园,通过田间试验设置不施肥(CK)、施有机肥(O1)、有机肥配施微生物菌剂(O2)、有机肥配施氨基酸水溶肥(O3)4个处理,分析有机肥配施微生物菌剂和氨基酸水溶肥对有机茶产量、养分、品质和效益的影响,探讨高产高效有机茶园养分管理技术模式。结果表明:1)与O1处理相比,O2和O3处理春茶产量均显著提高17.10%(P<0.05),夏秋茶产量分别提高9.24%和11.24%,春茶发芽密度显著提高16.88%和16.67%(P<0.05),夏秋茶发芽密度处理间差异不显著。2)相比O1处理,O3处理春茶和夏秋茶氮质量分数分别显著提升9.83%和39.49%(P<0.05),磷质量分数分别显著提高16.26%和59.24%(P<0.05)。3)在茶叶品质方面,相比O1处理,O2和O3处理咖啡碱、茶多酚和氨基酸质量分数有所提升,O2处理春茶及夏秋茶酚氨比分别降低1.14和3.77,O3处理夏秋茶酚氨比显著提高12.84(P<0.05)。4)土壤理化性质分析显示,相比O1处理,O2处理茶园土壤pH显著提高0.42个单位(P<0.05),O2处理土壤有效磷和交换性镁质量分数显著提高13.55%和20.59%(P<0.05)。5)从成本收益来看,相比O1处理,O2和O3处理利润分别增加13 078和13 266元/hm2。综上,有机茶园增施微生物菌剂和氨基酸水溶肥,能够实现有机茶园增产提质增效,对推动有机茶产业健康可持续发展具有重要意义。
To promote the production, quality and income of the organic tea industry. In the organic tea garden of Meitan County, Guizhou Province, four treatments were set up through field experiments, including no fertilizer (CK), application of organic fertilizer (O1), organic fertilizer combined with microbial agents (O2), and organic fertilizer combined with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (O3). The aim is to analyze the effects of combining organic fertilizers with microbial agents and amino acid water-soluble fertilizers on the yield, nutrient content, quality, and economic benefits of organic tea, and to explore high-yield and efficient nutrient management techniques for organic tea gardens. The technical mode of nutrient management in high-yield and high-efficiency organic tea gardens was explored. The results showed that: 1)Compared with the O1 treatment, both O2 and O3 treatments significantly increased the spring tea yield by 17.10%(P<0.05), and the summer and autumn tea yield by 9.24% and 11.24%, respectively. Compared with the O1 treatment, the germination density of spring tea was significantly increased by 16.88% and 16.67% for the O2 and O3 treatments, respectively(P<0.05), and the differences between the treatments of the germination density of the summer and fall tea were not significant. 2)Compared with the O1 treatment, O3 treatments significantly increased the nutrient mass fractions by 9.83% and 39.49%(P<0.05)for spring and summer-autumn tea, and the phosphorus mass fractions were significantly increased by 16.26% and 59.24%(P<0.05), respectively. 3)In terms of tea quality, the mass fractions of caffeine, tea polyphenols and amino acids were increased in the O2 and O3 treatments compared to the O1 treatment. The phenol-ammonia ratios of the spring and summer-autumn teas were reduced by 1.14 and 3.77 in the O2 treatment. In contrast, the summer-autumn teas' phenol-ammonia ratios significantly increased by 12.84 under the O3 treatment(P<0.05). 4)The analysis of soil physicochemical properties showed that compared with the O1 treatment, the soil pH of the tea garden in the O2 treatment was significantly increased by 0.42 units(P<0.05), and the effective phosphorus and exchangeable magnesium mass fractions were increased by 13.55% and 20.59%. 5)From the cost-benefit point of view, compared with the O1 treatment, O2 and O3 treatment profits increased by 13 078 and 13 266 yuan/hm2, respectively. In conclusion, the application of microbial fungicides and amino acid water-soluble fertilizers in organic tea gardens can realize the organic tea garden to increase production, improve the quality and efficiency of the organic tea industry, and promote the sustainable development of the organic tea industry is of great significance.
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