School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2024-07-08
2025-03-01
Issue Date
2026-04-15
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摘要
甘肃省冬小麦相较其他品种小麦形态差异较大,针对其他品种小麦离散元仿真参数应用于甘肃省冬小麦播种机械设计与优化误差较大的问题,以‘甘农2号’种子为研究对象,采用物理试验测定种子本征参数及与PLA塑料、软胶和树脂间的静摩擦因数和碰撞恢复系数。基于离散元法(Discrete element method,DEM),利用EDEM软件结合斜面滚动试验,标定种子与PLA塑料、软胶和树脂间的滚动摩擦因数。采用圆筒提升法进行物理堆积试验,将试验所得堆积图像经MATLAB软件处理后得到种子物理堆积角,通过Design-Expert 8.06软件对多元二次方程进行多目标优化,获得种子颗粒间离散元模型接触参数较优组合,并利用EDEM软件进行验证。结果表明:小麦种子与PLA塑料、软胶和树脂的静摩擦因数分别为0.543、0.645和0.425;碰撞恢复系数分别为0.471、0.351和0.497;滚动摩擦因数分别为0.087、0.096和0.098。种子颗粒间静摩擦因数、碰撞恢复系数和滚动摩擦因数分别为0.43、0.50和0.07。物理堆积角为32.95°,仿真堆积角与物理堆积角相对误差为0.3%。本研究标定的冬小麦颗粒离散元仿真参数可为甘肃省小麦精量播种机械的设计优化提供参考。
Abstract
Winter wheat varieties in Gansu Province is morphologically more different to other wheat varieties. Given the problem that the discrete element simulation parameters of other varieties of wheat applied to the design and optimisation of winter wheat sowing machinery in Gansu Province caused larger errors, the wheat seeds of wheat variety, ‘Gan Nong no 2’, were taken as the research object. The physical test was used to determine the intrinsic parameters of the seeds and the static friction factor and collision recovery coefficient between seeds and PLA plastics, and soft glues and resins. The physical test was used to determine the seed's intrinsic parameters and the static friction factor and collision recovery coefficient between the seed and PLA plastic, soft rubber and resin. The rolling friction factors between seeds and PLA plastic, soft rubber and resin were calibrated by combining EDEM software simulation test with an inclined rolling test. The physical stacking test was carried out by the cylinder lifting method, and the stacking images obtained from the test were processed by MATLAB software to obtain the physical stacking angle of the seeds. The multi-objective optimization of the multivariate quadratic equations was carried out by Design-Expert 8.06 software to obtain a better combination of the contact parameters of the discrete element model between the seed particles, and it was verified by EDEM software. The results showed that: The static friction factors of ‘Gan Nong no 2’ with PLA plastic, soft rubber and resin were 0.543, 0.645 and 0.425, respectively; The coefficients of recovery of the collision were 0.471, 0.351 and 0.497, respectively; And the rolling friction factors were 0.087, 0.096 and 0.098, respectively. The inter-particle static friction factor, collision recovery coefficient, and rolling friction factor were 0.43, 0.50 and 0.07, respectively. The physical stacking angle was 32.95°, and the relative error between the stacking angle of the simulation test and the physical stacking angle was 0.3%. In conclusion, the discrete element simulation parameters of winter wheat particles calibrated in this study can provide a reference for the design optimization of sowing machinery in Gansu Province.
排种器是小麦精量播种机的关键部件,直接影响小麦播种质量[2-3]。国外排种器发展迅速且技术成熟,如美国John Deere公司生产的1590 No-till型免耕播种机排种器,为外槽轮式且行距可调,适用于普通耕作和保护性耕作情况下的排种,排种效率高[4];日本生产的TW-50DS型横槽式小麦精量排种器,其排种量的控制通过利用螺钉调节槽轮容腔实现,排种性能优异[5]。目前,国内小麦精量排种器发展迅速,但仍存在易堵塞和伤种率较高等问题,排种效率较低,同时也难以应对甘肃地区复杂地形的播种作业要求。因此迫切需要设计一款适用于甘肃省复杂地形的冬小麦精量排种器。由于同时进入排种器作业区域的种子数量庞大且排种器内部结构较为复杂,仅通过物理试验难以准确分析排种过程受力情况。因此需要基于离散元法构件模型和确定合理仿真参数,而种子本征参数和接触参数的标定是进行仿真试验的必要前提。近年来,随着离散元方法(Discrete element method,DEM)的逐渐成熟与普遍应用[6],已成为固体颗粒参数标定的重要方法。国内外已对白萝卜种子[7]、生菜种子[8]、花生种子[9]、玉米种子[10-11]和大米种子[12-13]等进行了离散元仿真参数标定。刘凡一等[14]基于堆积角法标定了小麦离散元仿真参数,朱康等[15]基于X射线断层扫描进行了小麦颗粒模型构建及离散元仿真参数标定,但由于甘肃省冬小麦相较其他品种小麦形态及物理参数差异较大,其他品种小麦标定的离散元仿真参数并不完全适用于甘肃省小麦精量播种机械设计优化。
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