Aiming at the problems of uneven straw dispersal and non-compliance of laying thickness during the sand barrier laying operation of the straw square lattice with loose straw as raw material, a simulation analysis of straw dispersal and conveying process was carried out based on the multi-body dynamics and discrete element coupling method. Taking the roller rotational speed, roller spacing and crank rotational speed as the influencing factors, and the average thickness of the straw on the conveying plate and the uniformity of straw after dispersal as the response values, a response surface optimization test was carried out based on the pre-tests and the single-factor test to determine the influencing law of each factor on response values. Pre-test and single-factor test were used to determine the influence law of each factor on the response value. Based on preliminary tests, a response surface optimization test was conducted using Design-Expert software to establish a quadratic polynomial regression model. The lowest average thickness of straw and the highest uniformity of straw within the range of grass square sand barrier laying requirements were taken as the target values, and the optimization solution was carried out through the response surface. The simulation test results showed that the performance of the dispersing device was optimal with a roller speed of 68.98 r/min, a roller spacing of 184.7 mm and a crank speed of 90.63 r/min. Compared with the simulated theoretical values, the error of the average thickness of straw in the bench test was 2.89%, and the error of straw uniformity was 1.96%.
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