不同水肥供应对设施基质栽培黄瓜产量、品质和水肥利用率的影响
Effects of different water and fertilizer supply levels on the yield, quality and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of cucumber grown on facility substrate culture
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为筛选设施基质栽培黄瓜适宜的水肥供应水平,以‘津优 35’黄瓜为试材,采用完全随机区组试验设计,以设施内20 cm标准蒸发皿的累计蒸发量(Ep)为依据设置3 008.03(1.2 Ep,W1)、1 790.96(0.8 Ep,W2)和1 002.67 m3/hm2(0.4 Ep,W3)3个总灌水量处理,根据目标产量计算所需施肥量设置高肥(116%施肥量,F1)、中肥(89%施肥量,F2)和低肥(62%施肥量,F3)3个施肥水平,共计9个水肥供应组合,以当地常规灌水量(1.0 Ep)和施肥量(100%施肥量)为对照(CK),测定黄瓜果实的含糖量、VC、可溶性蛋白、脂肪酸、挥发性物质含量、产量及水肥利用率,并通过主成分分析对不同水肥组合的黄瓜产量、品质指标及水肥利用率进行综合评价。结果表明:W2F3、W3F1和W3F3的黄瓜产量显著低于CK;W3F1的果实总糖含量最高,为CK的1.27倍,W2F2果实的风味品质最好,其挥发性物质总含量比CK增加165%(P<0.05);同一灌水量下,F3的氮、磷、钾肥利用率均为最高;同一施肥水平,W3的水分利用率最高;主成分分析结果显示,W3F3排名第一,其次为W2F2,但W2F2的产量是W3F3的1.24倍,因此,W2F2为最佳水肥组合。综上,在本试验条件下,滴灌水平为1 790.96 m3/hm2(0.8 Ep,W2)、生育期施氮肥量为301.66 kg/hm2、磷肥量为95.85 kg/hm2、钾肥量为344.19 kg/hm2(89%施肥量,F2)为设施基质栽培黄瓜高产优质生产的最佳水肥管理组合。
To select the optimal water and fertilizer supply levels for cucumber grown facility substrate culture, a completely randomized block experiment design was adopted. Cucumber cultivar ‘Jinyou 35’ was taken as the study material. Based on the cumulative evaporation (Ep) of the 20 cm standard evaporating dish in the facility, three different total irrigation amounts of 3 008.03 (1.2 Ep, W1), 1 790.96 (0.8 Ep, W2) and 1 002.67 m3/hm2 (0.4 Ep, W3) were designed. According to the target yield method, 3 fertilization levels of high fertilizer (116% fertilizer, F1), medium fertilizer (89% fertilizer, F2) and low fertilizer (62% fertilizer, F3) were set, and a total of 9 water and fertilizer supply combinations were set. The local conventional irrigation amount (1.0 Ep) and fertilizer application amount (100% fertilizer) were used as the control (CK). The content of sugar, VC, soluble protein, fatty acids, volatile substances, yield and water and fertilizer utilization ratio of cucumber were determined. The yield, quality index and water and fertilizer utilization ratio of cucumber with different combinations of water and fertilizer were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that: The cucumber yields of W2F3, W3F1 and W3F3 were significantly lower than that of CK; The total sugar content of W3F1 fruit was the highest, which was 1.27 times that of CK. The flavor quality of W2F2 fruit was the best, and the total volatile substabces content of W2F2 fruit was increased by 165% compared with CK(P<0.05). Under the same irrigation quantity, the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in F3 were all the highest. At the same fertilization level, W3 had the highest water utilization rate. The results of the principal component analysis showed that W3F3 ranked first, followed by W2F2. Since the yield of W2F2 was 1.24 times that of W3F3, W2F2 was determined to be the best combination of water and fertilizer. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, the drip irrigation level was 1 790.96 m3/hm2 (0.8 Ep, W2), the nitrogen fertilizer amount was 301.66 kg/hm2, the phosphorus fertilizer amount was 95.85 kg/hm2, and the potassium fertilizer amount was 344.19 kg/hm2 (89% fertilizer amount, F2) is the best combination of water and fertilizer management for high-yield and high-quality production of cucumber through substrate-based cultivation.
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陕西省重点研发计划(2021ZDLNY03-04)
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