Pseudomonas koreensis发酵工艺优化及其对玉米促进生长和提高质量的效果研究
桑萌 , 杨欣渝 , 杨光宇 , 毛江平 , 郭俏 , 来航线
中国农业大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8) : 75 -86.
Pseudomonas koreensis发酵工艺优化及其对玉米促进生长和提高质量的效果研究
Fermentation process optimization of Pseudomonas koreensis and its effect on the growth promotion and quality improvement of corn
为探究韩国假单胞菌(Pseudomonas koreensis GS, 以下简称GS)的液体发酵滤液是否具有促进植物生长、提高植物抗逆性的作用,以GS菌株发酵液中活菌数和菌悬液OD600值为试验的检测指标,采用单因素试验对GS菌株的接种量、培养温度、时间、转速和pH等5个方面进行筛选优化以确定最优发酵条件;对不同种类的碳源、氮源和无机盐进行单因素试验以确定最适培养基组分,并进行正交试验优化培养基配比和浓度,以筛选确定最优发酵培养基;通过测定玉米的生物学和品质指标以验证GS发酵滤液的田间应用效果。结果表明:1)优化后最适培养基配方的碳源为m(牛肉膏)∶m(糖蜜)=1∶1,5 g/L;氮源为酵母浸膏,5 g/L;无机盐为m(氯化钠)∶ m(硫酸镁)=1∶2,5 g/L。2)最适发酵条件为发酵时长为24 h,温度为30 ℃,pH为7,接种量为0.5%,转速为200 r/min。3)按该方案发酵生产的活菌数达到1.38×1011 cfu/mL,OD600值达到1.89,为优化前的8.36倍,且生产成本可大约节省30%~40%。4)经GS处理的玉米株高、茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重、根系鲜重、根系干重分别增加17.28%、35.13%、53.56%、40.65%、25.38%,分叶数量、根系活力和玉米棒长分别增加6.35%、37.82%和11.45%。5)籽粒中全磷、钙和淀粉含量分别增加30.19%、60.82%和31.67%,全氮、黄酮和粗蛋白含量分别增加9.93%、51.85%和10.01%。总之,优化后的培养基配方和发酵条件相对NB培养基和初始发酵条件,不仅可有效提高单位体积发酵液中GS菌株的菌体量,也可降低培养基成本,且GS发酵滤液具有促进植物生长、提高品质的良好田间应用效果。本研究可为GS的高效发酵和田间应用提供科学依据。
This study aimed to clarify whether the liquid fermentation broth of Pseudomonas koreensis GS (Hereinafter referred to as GS)has the effects of promoting plant growth and improving plant resistance. The viable bacteria number in the fermentation broth of GS strain and the OD600 value of the bacterial suspension were used as the test indexes, and a one-way test was used to screen and optimize the inoculum amount, incubation temperature, time, shaking speed and pH of GS strains in order to determine the optimal fermentation conditions. The one-way test was carried out on the different carbon rescources, nitrogen rescources and inorganic salts to determine the optimal medium components. An orthogonal test was carried out to optimize the ratio of the medium and its concentration to screen and determine the optimal fermentation medium. The biological and quality indicators of corn were determined to verify the field application of GS fermentation filtrate. The optimal ratio and concentration of the fermentation medium were confirmed by orthogonal tests. The biological and quality indexes of maize were measured to verify the field application of the GS fermentation filtrate. The results showed that: 1) The optimal carbon source for the optimized culture medium formula was carbon source m (beef paste)∶m (molasses)=1∶1, 5 g/L; yeast extract, nitrogen source 5 g/L; inorganic salt m (sodium chloride)∶m (magnesium sulfate) =1∶2, 5 g/L inorganic salt. 2) The optimal fermentation conditions were fermentation duration of 24 h, temperature 30 ℃, pH 7, inoculum quantity 0.5%, and shaking rate 200 r/min. 3) The viable bacterial count reached 1.38×1011 cfu/mL and the OD600 value reached 1.89, which was 8.36 times higher than that before optimization, and the cost of the production was saved by 30% to 40%. 4) The plant height, stem and leaf fresh weight, stem and leaf dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight were increased by 17.28%, 35.13%, 53.56%, 40.65% and 25.38%, respectively, and the leaves number, root activity and the corn length were increased by 6.35%, 37.82% and 11.45%, respectively. 5) The contents of total phosphorus, calcium and starch were increased by 30.19%, 60.82% and 31.67%, respectively, while the contents of total nitrogen, flavonoids and crude protein were increased by 9.93%, 51.85% and 10.01%, respectively. In summary, the optimized medium formulation and fermentation conditions relative to the NB medium and initial fermentation conditions can not only effectively increase the bacterial volume of GS strains per unit volume of fermentation broth, but also reduce the cost of the medium. Moreover, the GS fermentation filtrate has a good field application effect of promoting plant growth and improving the quality. This study can provide a scientific basis for the efficient fermentation and field application of GS.
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鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项(2022EEDSKJZDZX019)
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